Introduction
Nursing models arose during the active formation of nursing as a separate professional discipline. With their help, the work of a nurse is brought into the system and ultimately facilitated. Thus, not only the theory but also the practical activity of nurses was developing.
The model is essential for the provision of systematized quality health and care services. The theoretical approach helps one to organize and visualize the most important aspects and factors. The clinical situation of the application by a nurse of the basic principles of the Johnson Health Model and the analyzed basic principles will be considered.
The Key Principles of the Model
Dorothy Johnson’s model of nursing care is based not on the person’s needs but on correcting their behavior. D. Johnson defines two types of human behavior. The first is based on the actions of people around them and the events around them (Alligood, 2021). The second type is based on the habitual reactions to past experiences and how a person interprets and applies them to current environmental factors (Alligood, 2021). According to D. Johnson’s model, a patient has a set of interrelated behavioral systems, each seeking both inner and mutual balance of all systems (Smith & Parker, 2021). A person has seven main subsystems that, in a certain way, influence one’s behavior.
The Demonstration of the Model
Talking about a clinical practice situation that demonstrates Johnson’s model of health, one can highlight several aspects of the model’s principles. An example would be a situation when a nurse is faced with providing care, treatment, and psychological support. Within the framework of the model, the patient is considered an individual with a particular set of behavior subsystems (Smith & Parker, 2021).
Illness, injury, and lifestyle changes can contribute to a change in human behavior. Thus, the nurse needs to assess how the cause upsets the patient’s balance and designate a solution method to improve the patient’s condition (Alligood, 2021). Restoration of balance in the disturbed subsystem of behavior by influencing the factors of the environment surrounding the patient is crucial. Changing the patient’s behavior is necessary to lead one to recovery or social adaptation.
The question of how the nurse can support this theory to return the patient to balance and stability involves applying the basic principles of the model. Namely, four areas of nursing intervention are controlling or limiting the patient’s behavior and protecting against factors that lead to stress. These include suppressing or inhibiting the patient’s ineffective responses, stimulating the patient to positive behavioral change, and helping in caregiving.
The nurse’s role in this aspect is complementary to the doctor’s actions but not dependent on them. Under this model, a nurse is a specialist who helps restore the balance of the patient’s behavioral subsystems during a physical or psychological crisis. The key purpose is to determine to what extent the patient’s condition allows for recognizing an imbalance in one of the subsystems and identifying the cause of this imbalance.
Conclusion
To conclude, it is worth noting that the nursing model is a system of practical activities for nurses, a specific guide for nursing practice. The fundamental aim is to build the interaction between a nurse and a patient. The model of Dorothy Johnson was considered, which is based on correcting the individual’s behavior. Moreover, the demonstration of this model consists of the nurse’s implementation of the basic principles. These include critical nursing interventions to change patients’ behavior and improve their well-being.
References
Alligood, M. R. (2021). Nursing theorists and their work e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E. (2020). Nursing theories and nursing practice (5th ed.). F.A. Davis.