Abstract Worldwide, HIV/AIDS affect the life of the people, especially the people of third world countries, more than war and terrorism. In the sub-Saharan countries, STD and HIV/AIDS cause problems in national security. The study assumes greater significance as the rate of HIV infected people in Sub Saharan Africa is...
Introduction Cancer is often a fatal disease if not detected early. The word has such a sinister or terrifying connotation that it has been extensively used as metaphorically to describe negative aspects of any kind. One comes across such clichés as ‘violence is a cancer in our society’ quite often....
Abstract This case study will investigate what constitutes survival skills and a supportive living environment from the perspective of the Transitional Living Program participants and support staff. Research questions that will guide this investigation are the following: (1) What survival skills do you need to live independent (self-sufficient, free) from...
Abstract The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) is an actuarial tool for predicting violence recidivism for convicted male serious violent offenders post-release that was first described by psychiatrists in Canada. It is a risk assessment tool that uses 12 variables to determine the violence risk associated with individual subjects, including...
Abstract This study was designed to understand the mechanism of tissue invasion and drug resistance in AML, including the possible role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal (EMT) in AML progression. Four research questions guided the review. They strived to understand the mechanism that cancerous cells use to invade tissues in AML, find out...
Abstract A literature study of the existing research on Ward atmosphere has been taken up. The Ward atmosphere scale was found to be one of the best in the field employed by a number of researchers. The same has been suggested for usage in the current context as well. The...
Introduction The universal healthcare system debate was kicked off by the former US president Bill Clinton. Though his proposal was largely a failure, he set the ball rolling among the American citizens ever since and has found its way in every election campaign according to Sage (2009, Para. 1). The...
Introduction/Observation Job overload disrupts the synchronization that exists between the natural environment and the internal clock of our body. Due to this disruption, the medical interns suffer from social isolation, increased injuries, accidents, and sleep disturbances. They also suffer from various physiological effects like changes in, the rhythms of their...
Introduction Autism refers to a mental disorder that is characterized by impaired social interaction and communication multifaceted by restricted and repetitive behavior. Symptoms of the ailment begin when a child is almost three years old and tend to continue through adulthood but in adulthood it gets muted McKean (1994). It...
The study of communication exceptionalities has become one of the major concerns for educators, psychologists, and social workers. Children or adolescents, who are prone to them, are not always able to display good academic performance, acquire social skills and integrate themselves into the community. A great number of programs and...
The link between motivation and brain functions and structures continues to baffle neuroscience and psychology alike. What elicits the brain to think in a given direction when faced with a certain situation? Is it biological or behavioral? These are common questions among scholars, but with evolution in technology, most of...
Introduction Ida (2001) argues that a good system of providing healthcare ensures good health, is responsive to people expectation and very importantly is fair in terms of financing. It should seek to improve the health status at minimum cost. It must be responsive enough to meet the constantly changing peoples’...
Introduction Neo-liberalism of today is a tag for economic laissez-faire that explains government policies intended to endorse liberated competition between trade firms inside market, particularly liberalization and monetarism, which is distinct from Globalization, which generally refers to greater international cultural exchange, dissemination of multiculturalism, and enhanced individual access to cultural...
The study under consideration researches ethical differences in treating patients with psychotic disorders. The authors of the article indicate that undertaking the research was necessary for addressing the concerns that “community mental health services may be failing in minority ethnic patients” (Mohan, McCrone, Szmukler, et al. 771). Providing background information,...
Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral and developmental disorder that affects many school- age children (Domino 132). Research has it that an estimated 8-10% of all children in the US currently suffer from this disorder. This highlights the prevalence of the condition and hence need for a better understanding...
Introduction A large population of the world today has in one way or another been affected by one mental health illness or the other. Among the most common forms of severe mental illnesses are the schizophrenia and psychosis. According to Shaw (2005, p.29) Psychosis is a symptom or rather a...
Psychological health of human beings is a rather controversial matter for discussion. Special complexity is added to this matter when it is considered in younger children and adolescents. In this context, the issue of suicidality is the most dangerous one, especially taking into consideration the fact that one of its...
Autism is considered a serious developmental disorder affecting children especially from the early months of life. Generally, autism occurs in different areas of children’s behavior such as Social interactions and relationships, language and communication, and activities and interests. Studies mention that there are several factors are responsible for ASD (Autism...
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is an old age related progressive disease that results in mental, cognitive, physical and behavioral impairment. The causes of Alzheimer’s disease are family factors, gene and life style factors. There are three stages for Alzheimer’s disease; they are broadly classified as mild, moderate and severe. I would...
According to the American Medical Association, one is considered to be obese when 30 percent of your body weight is pure fat. Obesity occurs when one has an immense calorie intake that he/she can burn in a day. Obese people are known to be more prone to diseases than non-obese....
Introduction Living in contemporary society one cannot but hear different news about the risk of HIV/AIDS in the world. This tendency is terrific because too many people still have less idea about ways of AIDS prevention. The stronger emphasis on the reports about current official and supposed unofficial statistics is...
Marijuana is a plant that is sometimes also referred to as ‘cannabis’. This plant is grown worldwide for different purposes; however, marijuana’s bud is used to smoke, for recreational or medicinal purposes. In most parts of the world, marijuana is an illegal drug; whereas in other parts, it can only...
Due to the language differences in the society, everyone is aware of the dialect differentiation. The term dialect is often refers to a variety of languages existed in this of that region. Since languages are inevitably revealed through the existed dialects and accents, it should be pointed out that to...
Physical activity as an everyday process is inevitable. Anyway, people who do not have any disabilities are subjected to the necessity of physical activity. The only question is the amount of the activities, i.e. active or passive way of life. This paper aims to discuss the matters of physical activity...
Introduction A slum can be defined as areas within the city where there is substandard housing, lack of land tenure, and no or inadequate provision of public utilities. The term slum may also refer to areas that were initially respectable and have deteriorated with time and thus their initial dwellers...
Introduction The U.S health care system is provided by private and public spending. This is a system that consumes more expenditure than that of any other country but it’s surprising that the usage of these health services within this system is lower than that of other nations and the cost...
On the modern scale of diseases obesity appears to be one of the most alarming occurrences. Traditionally obesity has been defined through the BMI (body mass index) — the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters — with the BMI over 30 classified as obese,...
Introduction Marijuana is produced from foliage and flower heads of the hemp plant. A variety of hedonistic and pleasure-inducing drugs are extracted from this plant. The Cannabis sativa, the cut, and baked parts, and ground foliage are capable of producing a greenish-brown drug commonly termed as Marijuana. The principal constituent...
Among mood disorders, modern psychiatry singles out a group of bipolar disorders which are characterized by a single or multiple occurrence of abnormally elevated mood (mania or hypomania) giving place to depressive (mixed) episodes. Bipolar I disorder is diagnosed on the basis of presence of one or more manic or...
The ethical problem behind stem cell research raises so many ethical dissuasions. Some say that human beings do not have the right to intervene on the duty of god. Some others say that stem cell research is against religious values. Some others say that stem cell research will lead to...
Chen et al. (2009) described a preterm infant (33 weeks) born to an alcoholic mother. At birth, the infant showed facial dysmorphic features, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss characteristics of the fetal alcoholic syndrome (FAS). When the infant developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), it was put to CPAP therapy....
While food is the staff of life for some individuals, for others it is a problem. Some people may want too little or too much of it. They may overindulge in particular food preferences or ingest unnatural substances. Some people eat too little. They may fear food will fatten them...
Abstract As a major health issue, tobacco use affects a majority part of the American population and other citizens worldwide. Tobacco-related deaths are the result of life-threatening sicknesses, and victims rarely survive to narrate their experiences. The number of tobacco-related deaths in America alone constitutes about 15% of the total...
Introduction Physician assisted suicide refers to the act of providing information to a competent patient with a sole purpose of assisting the patient end his or her life. The physician administers equipment or prescription for medication at the request of the patient with an intention of ending the patient’s life....
Introduction / Background In the recent period, the science of transplantation has become a unique treatment approach for the potential life threatening complications. As it involves the surgical replacement of body parts with the functionally superior ones, the major task since the past decade has been to procure significant number...
Introduction Ethical issues mainly refer to what is right and good in a society. It deals with learning virtues and vices in a society. The society acts as a determiner or rather the judge determining the good and right doings of an individual. Once an individual learns the ethnics of...
Abortion is morally wrong and the members of society do not seem to agree with this statement. This is because the philosophers have not done enough to convince the people that the act is morally wrong. Philosophers have moved to the secular world and they give support to what the...
Introduction Abortion is a controversial topic because it deals with the question of human life and death. There are no contemporary ethical issues so emotionally charged and inviting of public, political, legal and moral controversy as those involving matters of life and death. Abortion is one such ethical issue and...
Abortion has developed into a very controversial topic over these past few decades. Abortion is defined as “the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it has reached the stage of viability, in human beings, usually about the 20th week of gestation. An abortion may occur unexpectedly, in which...
Purpose/Problem The research article of Hall and colleagues (2007) entitled “Effects of a culturally sensitive education program on the breast cancer knowledge and beliefs of Hispanic women” described the effectiveness of a particular breast cancer awareness effort on the beliefs and activities of women belonging to the ethnic group of...
Purpose/Problem The research article authored by Villaruel et al. (2007) entitled “Predicting condom use among sexually experienced Latino adolescents” describes the influence of gender, religious and family beliefs in the employment of condoms among teenagers of Latino descent. Literature Review The use of condoms has long been identified as a...
Bartonella quintana is a gram-negative bacterium (Popa, et al., 2007). Bartonella species is an intracellular bacterium that is linked with several anthropozoonoses and has widespread vertebrate hosts such as humans and mammals. Bartonella Quintana is classified as a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium and belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria. Since these cannot...
Autism is a condition experienced by kids such that the life they live is different from that of most normal kids. Autism is a mental disorder characterized by an inability to socialize, communicate, and repetitive behavior. For example, you may greet a child and instead of the child responding to...
Death is the most indomitable phenomenon of a human life. It is considered as something most mysterious and cannot be avoided at all circumstances except for those who according to the myths and folklores attained immortality by the blessings of God. Different people have differing views on what constitutes death....
Abstract Papillary thyroid carcinoma is usually presented with a thyroid nodule or cervical lymph node enlargement. Presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma with distant metastasis is rare. This is a case report of a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma of the follicular variety presenting with L3-4 metastases with back pain. Introduction...
Abstract There is a dire need to produce targeted drug delivery vehicles for efficient treatment especially in the treatment of carcinogenic cells. The current proposal envisaged investigating the pathways of cellular internalization of shape and size-specific particles in different cancer cell types, employing modern optical imaging techniques. “A top-down particle...
Introduction In a rather busy hospital near a slum, I work as medical personnel. Numerous patients report to the hospital day in day out. Various conditions are presented including serious illnesses that require dedicated attention on the patient besides carrying out a follow-up on the progress. Professional ethics At work,...
Reasons against Euthanasia Several people have argued for the legalization of euthanasia which very few countries in the world have done. The question that keeps coming up in this debate is that is euthanasia suicidal or is it murder. The law states that suicide is legal and murder is illegal....
Abstract summary Ethics is defined as the norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about the conduct of the personnel in any organization and this case we will therefore be able to look at the conduct of the doctors in relation with their patients. From this study we...
Introduction The case study highlights how Christian beliefs and medical ethics determine the moral status of a fetus. In the case study, preliminary diagnosis outcomes show the fetus has a rare development condition because it has no arms, and prognosis indicates the probable occurrence of Down syndrome. In this view,...
End-of-life care pertains to the regulation of an individual’s immediate environment by implementing measures that would augment the level of care to the individual as he approaches death. End-of-life care may not be defined by a specific duration but through the kind of care that is provided to an individual....
Introduction If you were terminally ill, and knew one was only to get worse, would one not rather have a quick, easy and painless death in a manner and at a time of one’s own choice for which one could be fully prepared than a few more weeks, months or...
The analysis is centered around the article Jogging Is the Best Weapon Against ‘Obesity Genes’ by Rachael Rettner (2019). The article muses about the issue of obesity’s connection to the specific genes and counteracting the problem. The author presents recent scientific findings regarding the influence of exercise on obesity gene...
Nutrition polymorphism definition According to the free dictionary, polymorphism is “discontinuous genetic variation that results in the occurrence of several different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species” (the free dictionary, 2008). An instance of polymorphism is the genetic differences in members that exist in...
This research paper will examine the health care and management systems of two nations; the United States of America and Britain. There is no perfect health care delivery and management system for any nation. While some models seem to work better than others, the truth is that each has its...
National Health Service emerged as the result of the population need to be provided with the necessary support, help in health care, and complete control of human health recourses. The world situation had been covered by unstable and uncontrolled functioning of this human aspect; nevertheless, hundreds of years after the...
Problem Statement Schoenfelder and Rubenstein set out to address the problem of the propensity for the elderly to experience falls and bring on further adverse consequences for themselves, not least of which is the shying away from exercise and other vigorous physical activity that would otherwise forestall accidental falls. This...
Introduction A reflex pertains to a natural action that is observed in response to a particular stimulus. In the case of an infant, the reflexes portrayed are necessary in order for him to survive in the open world, as opposed to his cloistered surroundings while developing in his mother’s womb...
Introduction We may define Health Care in terms of prevention, cure, and treatment of an illness or disease and the prevention measures and services offered to counteract such illness by the medical health profession. By quality health care, we mean that correct treatment at the right time is being provided...
Introduction In Canada, restructuring the health care systems has been common and is determined to affect the areas of quality, availability, and expediency of the people’s access to the services through the hospitals and long-term care facilities. One of the main objectives of the Canadian Health Care policy is that...
Introduction The Australian Healthcare System (AHS) provides healthcare benefits for millions of Australian citizens and is regarded as one of the best examples of healthcare providers. The system is modeled along the lines of the US and UK healthcare systems and is funded by the government, employers, and their employees....
Multiple, complex factors are associated with the rise of health care spending, and Health Care Delivery in the United States is criticized for being less cost-effective, compared to other developed countries. Though Medicare is a popular health care program with high satisfaction levels among seniors, it is indicated that there...
Introduction One of the concerns faced by individuals in the United States is the lack of privacy in the medical field concerning their medical records. With the increase in medical tests including genetic research an individuals medical records could contain information that would result in discriminatory acts being committed against...
Greg Crister in his article “Too much of a good thing” has discussed the problems related to childhood obesity, and had come out with very interesting issues in relation to obesity in children. Some critics believe that his arguments have a lot of flaws in examining the issues concerned. Crister...
In recent years, childhood obesity becomes the main health problem that affected all social groups in the US. The articles selected for analysis, “Effectiveness of a Cardiovascular Health Promotion Education Intervention on the Attitudes of Urban African American School-Age Children” by Fleming et al (2000) and “Culture, Obesity Stereotypes, Self-Esteem,...
Introduction The employment of cloning and human embryonic stem cells is of the most significant innovations in medicine (Wobus 640). The discovery of the ability to manipulate embryonic stem cells has created the fields of regenerative medicine and cellular therapy, which aim to treat debilitating and/or fatal conditions that were...
Introduction The Stolen Generation refers to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. This group is made up of children who were forcibly removed from their families and communities. This practice was carried out by government, welfare or church authorities. The children were placed into institutional care or with non-Indigenous...
Introduction Scientists discovered HIV or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in 1985. HIV may be transmitted to other people through exchange of body fluids like semen, blood, vaginal secretions and breast milk (Cichocki). The most common way of spreading HIV is sexual contact. Other means include needle sharing in injection of...
Introduction Sleep is a normal activity very important for our well-being. There are numerous theories, which try to explain why organisms sleep. The recuperative theory according to Milton (1994) states that “animals sleep so that physiological and biochemical repairs can take place”. As per the circadian theory, the normal wake-sleep...
In a recent survey by the Commonwealth Fund Commission reveals that 82 percent of US citizens are not satisfied with American healthcare system. It needs rejuvenation. According to the people participated in survey, the patient care can be improved if modern health information technology like personal health records is introduced...
Abstract Research utilization portrays imposing research in developing an evidence-based nursing practice both on organizational and individual levels. The paper highlights the meanings of both terms, how to utilize research in nursing evidence-based practice, and barriers and facilitators to the use of research in nursing practice. Finally, the paper will...
Introduction Nursing is a profound profession based on strong personal principles of personal and professional skills. There is little doubt that nursing practice has been forced to make severe accommodations within this larger societal context as knowledge has continued to increase and attitudes and values have shifted. Nursing is one...
Abstract This paper intends to find out the factor which affects the satisfaction and retaining levels of nurses at their work places. For this purpose an introduction is provided which briefly introduces the topic to the readers, secondly the body of paper starts with the definitions of the key terms...
Introduction A student nurse plays a major role in maintaining the sound health of an individual and the family along with the other health care teams. In instances when there is a disturbance in the normal optimum level of functioning of these people, he or she has to take into...
In our contemporary times where everything better is characterized as modern and innovative, dealing with the word “traditional” seems to have a negative connotation because it can mean being not open to change or being trapped in the old-fashioned ways. In reading Newton’s article entitled “In Defence of the Traditional...
Introduction The report under discussion is about the rising issue of osteoporosis in women, and the methods used to find out the amount of knowledge they possess. This paper tells about the quality of the various sections of the report, and is an analysis of how the researchers went about...
Is it helpful to women that reproductive technologies, such as hormonal contraception, egg selling and surrogacy, are available in the international marketplace? In this essay, I have shown that it is helpful to women that reproductive technologies are available in the international marketplace. Reproductive technology is the term used to...
Disseminating Findings of the Practicum Project My observations regarding collaboration and patient safety characterized my practicum project experience. Patient safety refers to the prevention of errors that would have adverse effects on patients when they seek medical services in the healthcare setting. Relative to this assertion, McVay, Stamatakis, Jacobs, Tabak,...
The purpose of the paper is to elicit information regarding electroconvulsive therapy. With the advent of the new media, there is an overload of information through the internet. This paper evaluates and compares an internet source on electroconvulsive therapy to articles presented in peer reviewed journals. According to Robert Harris...
Introductory project description A blood clot is defined as “the clumps that occur when the blood hardens from a liquid to a solid (coagulates). A blood clot that forms inside a blood vessel or within the heart and remains there is called a thrombus.” (Stitham, 2008) There are several causes...
Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine whether reducing dietary salt intake potentially would improve pulmonary function and airway responsiveness in individuals with asthma; i.e. whether the severity of asthma could be reduced by reducing dietary salt intake (Mickleborough and Gotshall, 2004). For this the authors have relied...
Introduction Various studies have defined the quality of care in severe psychiatric nursing. Few of them discussed below can support the view where a positive link between the psychiatric quality nursing and the corresponding impact on the mentally challenged people are figured out. One such study was undertaken in which...
Research Topic Since the beginning of the US epidemic, more and more women are being afflicted with HIV. Women appear to be more vulnerable to HIV due to the high concentration of the virus in the semen of their male partners (Trzynka and Erlen, 2004, p. 1). It is significant...
Introduction Nursing theories are the creative products of nurses. They thoughtfully describe relationships and interactions within their nursing practice. Several theories have been propounded but there is no single theory which is more correct than the others. Theories have been classified into philosophies, grand theories and middle range. They aim...
Surgical hand wash includes all the procedures and practices that limit the transfer of microorganisms that could cause infections in an individual. It is most common method of hand hygiene since it aims at killing and retarding the pathogenic microorganisms and reduces chances of wound contamination in case surgical gloves...
In the case of a diabetic patient with an amputation below the knee, the multidisciplinary team acted in concordance to the needs of the client. A multidisciplinary team characteristically consists of nurses, surgeons, psychologists and physiotherapists. In the case of a patient who has just had amputation below the knee...
Introduction Smoking has long been associated with cancer of the lungs and other respiratory diseases. It is estimated that about 33 percent of the male adults in the world smoke varying number of cigarettes. In addition to causing health and lung problems for the smoker, passive smoking is in which...
Problem Identification The problem lies in the rising cases of dementia patients and the prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly segment of the population. The following study reveals the significance of malnutrition in dementia, emphasizing the issue in aged care Introduction According to 1995 medical statistics of all Australian population...
Article for critique Beckie, Theresa M., Beckstead, Jason W. and Webb, Mary S.; “Modeling Women’s Quality of Life after Cardiac Events”, Western Journal of Nursing Research, 2001, 23(2), 179-194, Sage Publications DOI: 10.1177/019394590102300206. Purpose of study Beckie’s group of researchers intended to investigate the quality of life in women who...
Questions concerning end-of-life care are challenging to discuss with patients and their families for many reasons. Many people may feel uncomfortable talking about death, and some individuals find these conversations unnecessary or frightful. However, end-of-life care discussions are vital for ensuring that people will voice their opinions about their health....
Introduction One of the most useful ways in which we can help other people is to listen and communicate with them in ways that enable them to share their troubles and feel better. During the following lines we will describe a number of listening, communication and helping skills. These skills...
The article entitled “Academic Microsystems: Adapting Clinical Microsystems as an Evaluation Framework for Community-Based Nursing Education” by Kathleen M. Thies, and Lea Ayers discusses and analyzes some major aspects of a partnership between a clinical agency, academic nursing program, and the community. The analysis reflects the above partnership from different...
The research follows a specific belief that examination of a phenomenon may be best understood by conducting an in-depth investigation of a certain process. The positivist paradigm of research prevails in the field of scientific research and it takes on the idea that research data is collected based on independent...
The system of caring is undergoing several changes in modern society. Hospital care is changing and depends on the financial well-being of individuals and technological advancement. Professional nursing is an art and applied science. Nursing which is traditionally known as being a caring profession is also undergoing changes and has...
This article provides readers with a comprehensive analysis of nurses’ role in permanently changing medical environment influenced by the dynamic transformation in technologies, methods of medical treatment, and the role that nurses play. New challenges require deep reformation of nurses programs and courses both at universities and other educational institutions...
Nursing has been influenced by such basic philosophical directions as positivism and naturalism. It should be stressed that these two dominant aspects built paradigms used in nursing practice. Scientists tend to use these basic aspects as the background for their medical researches and studies. The paradigm of naturalism takes the...
Introduction The article was written by Papastavrou, Kalokerinou, Papacostas, Tsangari, and Sourtzi, and was published in 2007. It was about their study of various dimensions related to burden and stress experienced by families providing care to dementia patients. Description of the study The study aimed to investigate the burden and...
Introduction Scientific and social changes of the 21st century have brought a radical change in the Health care delivery system. Nursing is an important component of the health care delivery system and the role of a nurse in inpatient welfare has no boundaries for praise. The Nursing profession has evolved...
Over the past few decades, health care administration has achieved significant progress in ensuring a smooth and risk-free life for the patients. There are various nursing approaches identified to date in this regard that focus on evaluating the quality of life (QOL) following a major health problem. The present description...
The article by Susan Jacobs, Peri Rosenfeld, and Judith Haber entitled “Information Literacy as the Foundation for Evidence-Based Practice in Graduate Nursing Education: A Curriculum-Integrated Approach” emphasizes an essential question: are the modern master’s nursing students able to sufficiently understand and use electronic information resources to make accurate clinical decisions....
‘Health’ Defined Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines ‘Health’ as the condition of being good in body, mind, or spirit that is particularly free from physical disease or pain. Definition of Health Promotion In its simplest form, the word “health” means the absence of disease. This well-known definition was expanded in the 1970s...
The competition in the field of US healthcare leads to the undoubtedly high innovativeness of the medical technologies and medicines used at almost all levels of its provision. Even though such a private system responds to the American ideals, it remains quite expensive despite the Affordable Care Act (ACA) initiatives....