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Abstract This paper will focus on autism which is defined as a developmental disability which is believed to occur in early three years of a child’s life. This disability comes up as a result of a neurological disorder that actually disturbs the normal functioning of the brain which thereafter impairs...
The rapid development of science and technology and the organizational changes are some of the factors the challenge the survival and success of the pharmaceutical industries. The dynamics of this industry have been redefined through the combined forces of social, economic, political, and technological factors. Over the past many years,...
Abstract Palliative care is currently gaining more recognition and acceptability in medical fields as it is seen to be efficacious in reducing suffering of people in final stages of ailment and terminal stages of death. The objective of palliative care has always been to encourage, both the bodily and mental...
Introduction There is a range of contributing factors that increase the likelihood of obesity development in adults (National Institutes of Health, 2019). In general, such factors include physical activity, energy consumption, and macronutrient intake. As alcohol not only influences the total energy consumed by an individual but also has an...
Identity of the Concept The uncertainty concept in nursing, and in fact in medicine as a whole, is one that is ever present. Because medicine deals with human beings in an ever changing environment even the most mundane cases can suddenly become something entirely different. Every human being is unique,...
Cyna, McAuliffe, Andrew, 2004, in their study titled “Hypnosis for pain relief in labor and childbirth: a systematic review,” examined the evidence regarding the effects of hypnosis for pain relief during childbirth. The method used in the study was an electronic search (gathered from Embase, Cochrane library, Pubmed, and Medline)....
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Definition Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder manifested in preschool and early school children. These children often have difficulty controlling their behavior and/or pay attention. The prevalence of ADHD is estimated to be 3-5% (NIMH, 2006.) Etiology The exact etiology of this condition is...
Introduction This systematic review focused on 25 studies that aimed to determine the connection between weight gain, amount and specifics of alcohol consumption, and other related factors, for instance, education or exercise levels. In general, the examined research varied in the number of studied individuals, factors that the researchers considered,...
Introduction Obesity is a label given to people who are overweight. An obese person has weight that can posses various health risks. This condition affects both adults and teens. BMI “body mass index” uses weight and height to relate to an individuals body fat. Note that the method doesn’t calculate...
Abstract In the years between the 1950s and 1960s, nutritionists started developing a questionnaires as a technique for assessing habitual food intake based on recorded food consumed over a set time period because of the increasing health problems associated with nutritional risk factors in the elderly, adolescents, pregnant and adult...
Abstract The structure of incentives must be clear and simple enough to be easily understood by employees and should also provide measurable and realistic targets to be achieved. Promotion system helps improve services provision across a wide range of departments including health domains in terms of technical and allocative efficiency...
Abstract Implementing Structured Physical Activity Program for Obese High School Students. Customer inserts His/Her name, 2009: Concept Paper, Customer inserts the name his/her university. The concept paper was designed to provide details regarding the Implementing Structured Physical Activity Program for Obese High School Students. As the rate of the obese...
Introduction The general acceptance that social inequalities are implicated in the health inequality is not new. This notion that dates back at least to the medieval times in Europe, where observations were made of unusually high rates of diseases among miners has generated controversial concerns (Benzeval, Judge & Whitehead, 1995)....
Introduction There are alarming indications that suicide incidences need immediate as well as effective measures specifically addressing reduction or minimization among adolescents as a considerable chunk of successful attempts, especially in the U.S., indicate a grave situation. Likewise, the influence of elderly actions reflected and magnified via interconnectivity and the...
Introduction Eating disorders affect millions of individuals around the globe. They affect people from all social and financial circles. In the United States alone, eating disorders are approximated to affect 5-10 million females and a million males (Mazzeo & Espelage, 2002). Levine and Smolak (2005) confirm Mazzeo and Espelage’s assertions...
Abstract Purpose: To investigate the connection between adverse life events and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) development. Method: Critical review of literature. Six key pieces of academic research are considered for an in-depth examination. Findings: Studies focus on multiple links between affecting factors and ADHD. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, parent mental illness, socioeconomic...
Introduction to the study African-Americans represented nearly 51% of the newly diagnosed cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) within the United States between 2001 and 2004 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2006). Further, a report on HIV and AIDS diagnoses between the years...
Introduction Healthcare is a growing and leading $1.7 trillion industry and there has thus emerged the need for competent management and leadership based on diversity at all levels of healthcare organizations. The growing need for leadership and balanced practice with involvements of both genders is the growing need of the...
Abstract With an average annual growth rate of 11.1 percent from 1970 until 2006, the pharma market is one of the fastest-growing markets in the world, reaching more than US$400 billion in sales in 2003 (PhRMA, 2004). The industry is now going through a major consolidation stage where direct product...
Abstract Maternal and embryonic factors greatly determine the development of the embryo. If it occurs outside the womb (in vitro), embryos produce growth factors that encourage their development. There is proof that insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) promotes growth in early development stages of embryos and creates a leeway in...
Health and its management are often interrupted by the infectious pathogens that exert their prevalence leading to outbreaks associated with mortalities. The ability to withstand such harmful, otherwise detrimental effects of microbial agents relies on the body’s fighting mechanism provided by the Immune system. This machinery is equipped with a...
Introduction Bordens (et all, 2005) have explained the importance for using clear defined objectives and methodology while conducting research. The authors have commented about the fallacy in applying methodology without understanding the importance of the objective and wrong interpretations of the test results. The authors have emphasized the importance of...
Introduction to Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain. It is first described by the German neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915) in 1905. This disease worsens with advancing age, although there is no evidence that it is cause by the aging process. The average life expectancy of...
The Humanistic Approach Models in the family therapies focus on the client’s family for perceptions of new choices or changes. The present trend in family therapy is to integrate several approaches as no single technique is sufficient to treat all clients (Lebow, 1977 cited in Goldenberg and Goldenberg, 2008, p.410)....
Introduction Immunization procedures are implemented on a global scale in uniformity under the organization of the WHO. Millions of children are being saved from childhood illnesses like measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria and polio. This mass effort is commendable so long as the medicines used and techniques employed are above board....
Summary The constant escalation of modernization and technological use in various aspects of Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Consumer (B2C) applications had projected them as an incredibly valuable instrument for the enhancement of numerous existing procedures. The diagnostic health industry, as an element of the Health Sector, represents a B2B market that...
Abstract Health care industry is now actively working towards enhancing the roles of health workers and is trying to create leaders out of these skilled personnel. The need for leaders among health visitors is a requirement of the future, and will ensure the progression of the profession of nursing to...
Abstract The inexorable ageing of the UK population – along with such facets of modern-day lifestyles as more prevalent obesity, increasingly sedentary lifestyles, and the standing of chronic heart disease among the leading causes of death – brings to the fore many health care issues. Foremost among these is the...
Introduction and Background According to the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competency is defined by focusing on six major areas. These are patient care, practice-based learning, professionalism, medical knowledge, communication and interpersonal skills and a system-based practice (Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education, 2002). This definition of competence...
Introduction Polypharmacy is a major problem that can affect anybody, but it is the most common to the elderly population. The concept of polypharmacy encloses the use of five or more medications at the same time (Fick et al., 2003), prescription of more medications than required, and prescription of medications...
Summary The current public health systems of the world are undergoing many transitions. Many factors are coming into play in this regard and the new trend has been the introduction of globalization and the concept of international health. This area is under much debate and scrutiny, but all agree that...
The present review of literature aims at summarizing and critically evaluating several scholarly studies focused on academic vocabulary learning. All of the articles under analysis investigate some aspects related to vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs). Whereas the general focus of scholars’ attention in on the same issue, each of the articles...
The chapter begins by elucidating the definitions and background of telemental health after which it proceeds to explicate the technological tools which are necessary for the practice of telemental health delivery, by providing a brief history of telemental health. This section also deals with the technological tools required for telemental...
Introduction Chinese-Americans represent a unique cultural group in the USA with unique traditions and values, world views, and attitudes towards health and healthcare. By far, most health-related activities are carried out by the individual and family members in the privacy of their home. How successful these practices are, to a...
Obesity has reached epidemic proportion globally and childhood obesity is already epidemic in some areas and on the rise in others Research findings suggest that lack of physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental obesity, socioeconomic status, eating habits, and environmental factors, as well as genetic and metabolic conditions, are coincident with...
Choosing a career path or a profession is one of the most critical decisions we make in life. Several factors should be considered, since one’s profession is a label of who the person is, what he or she does, and perhaps tells something about his or her personality. Out of...
Summarize & explain the psychopharmacological interventions currently used for the anxiety disorders Among the pharmacologic interventions for generalized anxiety disorders, a short course of a benzodiazepine is usually indicated, preferably lorazepam, oxazepam, or temazepam. They are started at the lowest possible dose and then depending on the symptoms, given on...
1. Discuss the structures/mechanisms of hearing The structures of the ear that are involved in hearing include the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. The outer ear or pinna, in addition to playing a protective role, also functions to collect sound. The sound waves enter the ear...
Introduction This paper examines eight published articles that contain results, from research conducted on adolescent suicide. The said articles also discussed treatment and intervention strategies used by mental health clinicians. Although the articles agree that adolescent suicide is a major social problem in developed countries, there is no agreement when...
Introduction The paper has provided two designs for experiments as an alternative for the diagnosis and treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) The paper has first presented the existing treatment, diagnosis and treatment of BPD and then provided two experiment designs. The first experiment is based on the Hamilton Depression...
Minimally invasive procedures continue to increase in popularity since these techniques mean substantially less trauma for the patient, less expensive for them, and less workload for the surgeons. “The field of image-guided procedures is one subset of minimally invasive procedures in which medical images are used to provide guidance during...
The money spent on drug advertising is truly astounding and estimates are no longer in the billions but in the tens of billions, and increasing rapidly. According to a December 12, 2002, New York Times article, “Promotional spending in the United States by the 14 largest pharmaceutical companies increased at...
Abstract Worldwide, HIV/AIDS affect the life of the people, especially the people of third world countries, more than war and terrorism. In the sub-Saharan countries, STD and HIV/AIDS cause problems in national security. The study assumes greater significance as the rate of HIV infected people in Sub Saharan Africa is...
Introduction Cancer is often a fatal disease if not detected early. The word has such a sinister or terrifying connotation that it has been extensively used as metaphorically to describe negative aspects of any kind. One comes across such clichés as ‘violence is a cancer in our society’ quite often....
Abstract This case study will investigate what constitutes survival skills and a supportive living environment from the perspective of the Transitional Living Program participants and support staff. Research questions that will guide this investigation are the following: (1) What survival skills do you need to live independent (self-sufficient, free) from...
Abstract The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) is an actuarial tool for predicting violence recidivism for convicted male serious violent offenders post-release that was first described by psychiatrists in Canada. It is a risk assessment tool that uses 12 variables to determine the violence risk associated with individual subjects, including...
Abstract This study was designed to understand the mechanism of tissue invasion and drug resistance in AML, including the possible role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal (EMT) in AML progression. Four research questions guided the review. They strived to understand the mechanism that cancerous cells use to invade tissues in AML, find out...
Abstract A literature study of the existing research on Ward atmosphere has been taken up. The Ward atmosphere scale was found to be one of the best in the field employed by a number of researchers. The same has been suggested for usage in the current context as well. The...
Introduction The universal healthcare system debate was kicked off by the former US president Bill Clinton. Though his proposal was largely a failure, he set the ball rolling among the American citizens ever since and has found its way in every election campaign according to Sage (2009, Para. 1). The...
Introduction/Observation Job overload disrupts the synchronization that exists between the natural environment and the internal clock of our body. Due to this disruption, the medical interns suffer from social isolation, increased injuries, accidents, and sleep disturbances. They also suffer from various physiological effects like changes in, the rhythms of their...
Introduction Autism refers to a mental disorder that is characterized by impaired social interaction and communication multifaceted by restricted and repetitive behavior. Symptoms of the ailment begin when a child is almost three years old and tend to continue through adulthood but in adulthood it gets muted McKean (1994). It...
The study of communication exceptionalities has become one of the major concerns for educators, psychologists, and social workers. Children or adolescents, who are prone to them, are not always able to display good academic performance, acquire social skills and integrate themselves into the community. A great number of programs and...
The link between motivation and brain functions and structures continues to baffle neuroscience and psychology alike. What elicits the brain to think in a given direction when faced with a certain situation? Is it biological or behavioral? These are common questions among scholars, but with evolution in technology, most of...
Introduction Ida (2001) argues that a good system of providing healthcare ensures good health, is responsive to people expectation and very importantly is fair in terms of financing. It should seek to improve the health status at minimum cost. It must be responsive enough to meet the constantly changing peoples’...
Introduction Neo-liberalism of today is a tag for economic laissez-faire that explains government policies intended to endorse liberated competition between trade firms inside market, particularly liberalization and monetarism, which is distinct from Globalization, which generally refers to greater international cultural exchange, dissemination of multiculturalism, and enhanced individual access to cultural...
The study under consideration researches ethical differences in treating patients with psychotic disorders. The authors of the article indicate that undertaking the research was necessary for addressing the concerns that “community mental health services may be failing in minority ethnic patients” (Mohan, McCrone, Szmukler, et al. 771). Providing background information,...
Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral and developmental disorder that affects many school- age children (Domino 132). Research has it that an estimated 8-10% of all children in the US currently suffer from this disorder. This highlights the prevalence of the condition and hence need for a better understanding...
Introduction A large population of the world today has in one way or another been affected by one mental health illness or the other. Among the most common forms of severe mental illnesses are the schizophrenia and psychosis. According to Shaw (2005, p.29) Psychosis is a symptom or rather a...
Psychological health of human beings is a rather controversial matter for discussion. Special complexity is added to this matter when it is considered in younger children and adolescents. In this context, the issue of suicidality is the most dangerous one, especially taking into consideration the fact that one of its...
Autism is considered a serious developmental disorder affecting children especially from the early months of life. Generally, autism occurs in different areas of children’s behavior such as Social interactions and relationships, language and communication, and activities and interests. Studies mention that there are several factors are responsible for ASD (Autism...
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is an old age related progressive disease that results in mental, cognitive, physical and behavioral impairment. The causes of Alzheimer’s disease are family factors, gene and life style factors. There are three stages for Alzheimer’s disease; they are broadly classified as mild, moderate and severe. I would...
According to the American Medical Association, one is considered to be obese when 30 percent of your body weight is pure fat. Obesity occurs when one has an immense calorie intake that he/she can burn in a day. Obese people are known to be more prone to diseases than non-obese....
Introduction Living in contemporary society one cannot but hear different news about the risk of HIV/AIDS in the world. This tendency is terrific because too many people still have less idea about ways of AIDS prevention. The stronger emphasis on the reports about current official and supposed unofficial statistics is...
Marijuana is a plant that is sometimes also referred to as ‘cannabis’. This plant is grown worldwide for different purposes; however, marijuana’s bud is used to smoke, for recreational or medicinal purposes. In most parts of the world, marijuana is an illegal drug; whereas in other parts, it can only...
Due to the language differences in the society, everyone is aware of the dialect differentiation. The term dialect is often refers to a variety of languages existed in this of that region. Since languages are inevitably revealed through the existed dialects and accents, it should be pointed out that to...
Physical activity as an everyday process is inevitable. Anyway, people who do not have any disabilities are subjected to the necessity of physical activity. The only question is the amount of the activities, i.e. active or passive way of life. This paper aims to discuss the matters of physical activity...
Introduction A slum can be defined as areas within the city where there is substandard housing, lack of land tenure, and no or inadequate provision of public utilities. The term slum may also refer to areas that were initially respectable and have deteriorated with time and thus their initial dwellers...
Introduction The U.S health care system is provided by private and public spending. This is a system that consumes more expenditure than that of any other country but it’s surprising that the usage of these health services within this system is lower than that of other nations and the cost...
On the modern scale of diseases obesity appears to be one of the most alarming occurrences. Traditionally obesity has been defined through the BMI (body mass index) — the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters — with the BMI over 30 classified as obese,...
Introduction Marijuana is produced from foliage and flower heads of the hemp plant. A variety of hedonistic and pleasure-inducing drugs are extracted from this plant. The Cannabis sativa, the cut, and baked parts, and ground foliage are capable of producing a greenish-brown drug commonly termed as Marijuana. The principal constituent...
Among mood disorders, modern psychiatry singles out a group of bipolar disorders which are characterized by a single or multiple occurrence of abnormally elevated mood (mania or hypomania) giving place to depressive (mixed) episodes. Bipolar I disorder is diagnosed on the basis of presence of one or more manic or...
The ethical problem behind stem cell research raises so many ethical dissuasions. Some say that human beings do not have the right to intervene on the duty of god. Some others say that stem cell research is against religious values. Some others say that stem cell research will lead to...
Chen et al. (2009) described a preterm infant (33 weeks) born to an alcoholic mother. At birth, the infant showed facial dysmorphic features, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss characteristics of the fetal alcoholic syndrome (FAS). When the infant developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), it was put to CPAP therapy....
While food is the staff of life for some individuals, for others it is a problem. Some people may want too little or too much of it. They may overindulge in particular food preferences or ingest unnatural substances. Some people eat too little. They may fear food will fatten them...
Abstract As a major health issue, tobacco use affects a majority part of the American population and other citizens worldwide. Tobacco-related deaths are the result of life-threatening sicknesses, and victims rarely survive to narrate their experiences. The number of tobacco-related deaths in America alone constitutes about 15% of the total...
Introduction Physician assisted suicide refers to the act of providing information to a competent patient with a sole purpose of assisting the patient end his or her life. The physician administers equipment or prescription for medication at the request of the patient with an intention of ending the patient’s life....
Introduction / Background In the recent period, the science of transplantation has become a unique treatment approach for the potential life threatening complications. As it involves the surgical replacement of body parts with the functionally superior ones, the major task since the past decade has been to procure significant number...
Introduction Ethical issues mainly refer to what is right and good in a society. It deals with learning virtues and vices in a society. The society acts as a determiner or rather the judge determining the good and right doings of an individual. Once an individual learns the ethnics of...
Abortion is morally wrong and the members of society do not seem to agree with this statement. This is because the philosophers have not done enough to convince the people that the act is morally wrong. Philosophers have moved to the secular world and they give support to what the...
Introduction Abortion is a controversial topic because it deals with the question of human life and death. There are no contemporary ethical issues so emotionally charged and inviting of public, political, legal and moral controversy as those involving matters of life and death. Abortion is one such ethical issue and...
Abortion has developed into a very controversial topic over these past few decades. Abortion is defined as “the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it has reached the stage of viability, in human beings, usually about the 20th week of gestation. An abortion may occur unexpectedly, in which...
Purpose/Problem The research article of Hall and colleagues (2007) entitled “Effects of a culturally sensitive education program on the breast cancer knowledge and beliefs of Hispanic women” described the effectiveness of a particular breast cancer awareness effort on the beliefs and activities of women belonging to the ethnic group of...
Purpose/Problem The research article authored by Villaruel et al. (2007) entitled “Predicting condom use among sexually experienced Latino adolescents” describes the influence of gender, religious and family beliefs in the employment of condoms among teenagers of Latino descent. Literature Review The use of condoms has long been identified as a...
Bartonella quintana is a gram-negative bacterium (Popa, et al., 2007). Bartonella species is an intracellular bacterium that is linked with several anthropozoonoses and has widespread vertebrate hosts such as humans and mammals. Bartonella Quintana is classified as a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium and belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria. Since these cannot...
Autism is a condition experienced by kids such that the life they live is different from that of most normal kids. Autism is a mental disorder characterized by an inability to socialize, communicate, and repetitive behavior. For example, you may greet a child and instead of the child responding to...
Death is the most indomitable phenomenon of a human life. It is considered as something most mysterious and cannot be avoided at all circumstances except for those who according to the myths and folklores attained immortality by the blessings of God. Different people have differing views on what constitutes death....
Abstract Papillary thyroid carcinoma is usually presented with a thyroid nodule or cervical lymph node enlargement. Presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma with distant metastasis is rare. This is a case report of a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma of the follicular variety presenting with L3-4 metastases with back pain. Introduction...
Abstract There is a dire need to produce targeted drug delivery vehicles for efficient treatment especially in the treatment of carcinogenic cells. The current proposal envisaged investigating the pathways of cellular internalization of shape and size-specific particles in different cancer cell types, employing modern optical imaging techniques. “A top-down particle...
Introduction In a rather busy hospital near a slum, I work as medical personnel. Numerous patients report to the hospital day in day out. Various conditions are presented including serious illnesses that require dedicated attention on the patient besides carrying out a follow-up on the progress. Professional ethics At work,...
Reasons against Euthanasia Several people have argued for the legalization of euthanasia which very few countries in the world have done. The question that keeps coming up in this debate is that is euthanasia suicidal or is it murder. The law states that suicide is legal and murder is illegal....
Abstract summary Ethics is defined as the norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about the conduct of the personnel in any organization and this case we will therefore be able to look at the conduct of the doctors in relation with their patients. From this study we...
Introduction The case study highlights how Christian beliefs and medical ethics determine the moral status of a fetus. In the case study, preliminary diagnosis outcomes show the fetus has a rare development condition because it has no arms, and prognosis indicates the probable occurrence of Down syndrome. In this view,...
End-of-life care pertains to the regulation of an individual’s immediate environment by implementing measures that would augment the level of care to the individual as he approaches death. End-of-life care may not be defined by a specific duration but through the kind of care that is provided to an individual....
Introduction If you were terminally ill, and knew one was only to get worse, would one not rather have a quick, easy and painless death in a manner and at a time of one’s own choice for which one could be fully prepared than a few more weeks, months or...
The analysis is centered around the article Jogging Is the Best Weapon Against ‘Obesity Genes’ by Rachael Rettner (2019). The article muses about the issue of obesity’s connection to the specific genes and counteracting the problem. The author presents recent scientific findings regarding the influence of exercise on obesity gene...
Nutrition polymorphism definition According to the free dictionary, polymorphism is “discontinuous genetic variation that results in the occurrence of several different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species” (the free dictionary, 2008). An instance of polymorphism is the genetic differences in members that exist in...
This research paper will examine the health care and management systems of two nations; the United States of America and Britain. There is no perfect health care delivery and management system for any nation. While some models seem to work better than others, the truth is that each has its...
National Health Service emerged as the result of the population need to be provided with the necessary support, help in health care, and complete control of human health recourses. The world situation had been covered by unstable and uncontrolled functioning of this human aspect; nevertheless, hundreds of years after the...
Problem Statement Schoenfelder and Rubenstein set out to address the problem of the propensity for the elderly to experience falls and bring on further adverse consequences for themselves, not least of which is the shying away from exercise and other vigorous physical activity that would otherwise forestall accidental falls. This...
Stem cells are the basic units from which the entire body of a human being develops. In other words, these are a group of cells from which all 210 diverse types of tissue such as muscle cells, blood cells, nerve cells, and even new teeth in the human body originate...
Introduction A reflex pertains to a natural action that is observed in response to a particular stimulus. In the case of an infant, the reflexes portrayed are necessary in order for him to survive in the open world, as opposed to his cloistered surroundings while developing in his mother’s womb...
Introduction We may define Health Care in terms of prevention, cure, and treatment of an illness or disease and the prevention measures and services offered to counteract such illness by the medical health profession. By quality health care, we mean that correct treatment at the right time is being provided...