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Introduction What is muscular dystrophy (“MD”)? According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or NINDS, this medical problem is best understood as muscular dystrophies – a group of genetic diseases that is typified by progressive weakness and deterioration of the skeletal muscle of human beings (NIND, p.1)....
Abstract The main aim of this study is to explore the advantages and disadvantages of stem cell technology and ethical considerations. Stem cell technology is considered a breakthrough in the field of medical science. However, the use of stem cell technology has faced high criticism because of the use of...
Introduction Buprenorphrine is replacing methadone in detoxification of opiate addiction. Buprenorphrine suppresses withdrawal symptoms in opiate addiction. This study was conducted on 200 opiate addiction patients at the Sunrise Detoxification Center. The effectiveness of buprenorphrine in reducing pulse, sweating, anxiety, tremor, and nausea among other withdrawal symptoms was evaluated. Background...
Organizational Change: Nurse Retention and to decrease turnover Healthcare organizational change implies the transition from its current state towards future state in order to boost service delivery. The healthcare industry is dynamic and in order to preserve the quality of healthcare delivered to their clients, it must adapt to the...
Literature Review The flu is a disease that is prevalent throughout the entire world and particularly in humid regions. The flu is not life threatening but deaths can result from pneumonia, worsening cardiopulmonary conditions and several other chronic diseases. Most affected are children, people with health problems and the aged...
Introduction Harvesting and concentration of human influenza is more focused on causes, treatments and other risks related to influenza in the society. This is because influenza is a very dangerous disease in the modern world. Many risks are taken towards finding the causes, treatments and effects of influenza in the...
Introduction Critiquing skill is necessary to determine a study design to answer a research question. Cohort study design and randomized controlled design are the most popular designs many researchers employ. This paper seeks to compare the features and principles of these study designs with respect to two study examples that...
Introduction A health insurance exchange is a subsidized health insurance plan provided by the federal government. The concept was included in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to increase health insurance access. The Accountable Care Act (ACA) was established to create a market where exchange in health insurance can...
Introduction Every organization tends to have its own ethical issues. Moreover, health care organizations face more ethical issues than most organizations. This happens because nursing roles in health organizations overlap. In addition, health care settings require professionals to work as a team. Teamwork requires patience and commitment. Ethical standards are,...
Introduction Evidence-based practice is of great significance to health care. Evidence-based practice increases dependence on nursing theories. Moreover, evidence-based practice provides nurses with credible information on nursing. Additionally, evidence-based practice enables nurses to conduct appraisal on research articles. It should be noted that choosing correct evidence-based practice model is crucial...
Introduction Undergoing surgery is both frightening and intriguing. Traditionally, people go for surgery to improve their health. However, several people also go for surgery to improve their image and beauty. As a patient advocate, I witness numerous surgeries at my organization. While some women come for mastectomy, others come for...
Introduction Ethical issues comprise the principles that dictate what is bad and/or good. However, in the nursing practice, agreeing on what is right or unjust is incredibly difficult. Developing a clear understanding of the ethical principles that guide the process of delivering services in nursing care is critical in enhancing...
Introduction The nursing environment requires convenience to realize healthcare goals. To achieve this, nurses are required to implement good nursing strategies. These strategies should aim at improving productivity in a nursing environment. Nurses should also handle conflicts efficiently and effectively. As a trained nurse, I believe that strategic management is...
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a type of coronary heart disease (CHD.) ACS is caused by any activity or circumstance that slows or impedes the delivery of oxygen to the heart. This category of heart disease is inclusive of myocardial infarction (MI) and unstable angina as they have similar signs...
Bereavement Bereavement describes the specific experiences people go through in the aftermath of the demise of a loved one (Walsh & McGoldrick, 2004). It is the grief or intense sorrow experienced following the loss of a loved one by death. Bereaved people experience different emotional reactions, including sadness, desperation, insomnia,...
Introduction Healthcare is an important industry in any given society. Governments are actively involved in the dispensation of health. This is achieved through government regulations in the healthcare industry and the Public Health Service where the government protects the nation’s physical and mental health. The industry has legal issues and...
Introduction The high demand for healthcare services coupled with staff shortages has made it necessary for healthcare systems to be integrated. The scarce resources in the healthcare sector mean that the available resources should be utilized in the most efficient way (Smith, 2007). Integrated healthcare systems are supposed to enhance...
Introduction Decisions making is one of the activities constantly undertaken by professionals in the health care sector. Unlike in most of the other fields, these professionals sometimes do not have the time or resources necessary to deliberate on the action to take. To assist in this task of decision-making, health...
Introduction The past trends, system of governance as well as values held towards delivering health distinguishes health pillars for different countries at a broader perspective. Nevertheless, global institutions like WHO provide associated themes along which to establish and evaluate health such as workforce capacity, budgetary allocation, government policies, infrastructural baselines...
Introduction Tuberculosis is a serious disease that causes death if treatment is not sought at the early stage. The disease is transmitted in almost all settings implying that proper hygiene and other preventive measures play a critical role in keeping off the spread of the disease. Healthy individuals are at...
Introduction The nursing profession is one of the oldest professions in existence. The main focus of nursing is to give patients professional care to assist them to maintain good health, recover their health optimally, and improve on the quality of their lives. Nursing is different from other aspects of health...
Introduction Resilience is a popular concept in nursing. The origins of the concept can be traced to the early psychiatric studies that explored the reasons why certain children were unable to withstand and overcome adverse life situations (Earvolino-Ramirez, 2007). Today, resilience is usually conceptualized as one’s ability to cope with...
Introduction For a variety of reasons that include professionals, patients and policymakers, healthcare organizations nowadays seek to establish solid systems for managing quality and safety in the industry (Bowie & Bradley 2012). After the publishing of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, “To Err is Human: Building a Better Health...
Introduction Oral cancer is one of the most dangerous cancers and is very common in parts of Africa, Asia and other parts of the world. One of the biggest challenges that doctors have in the fight against cancer is the fact that many of the patients lack knowledge about cancer....
Parents are fully responsible for the well-being of their children. This principle stands behind a number of legislative regulations, policies, and laws, and it is also applied in the case when parents have to decide whether they will allow using medical marijuana by their children. In JJ’s situation, his mother...
Introduction Stroke, which is scientifically referred to as ‘cerebral vascular accident, ’ is a sudden impairment in neurological function that is not associated with convulsions resulting from a hemorrhagic or ischemic event in the cranium. It currently ranks third as a killer in the UK behind cardiac disease and cancer....
Introduction Many nations are highly concerned about the quality of health offered to their citizens because the productivity of a nation directly depends on good health. Different policies and programs have been instituted to put in to check the quality of healthcare by different states, as well as the federal...
Introduction The interview focused on a 50-year-old ICU head nurse who worked in a 350-bed capacity hospital. She had held that position for five years after working as an ICU staff nurse for seven years and as a supporting nurse in other units of the hospital. Rita felt that nursing...
Diseases require the attention of professionals to warrant that patients receive appropriate treatment. Close attention is intricate for the treatment of diseases and disorders that call for timely instructions. However, some disorders and diseases permit the continuation of normal living where a patient survives outside a health facility. It is...
Background The social-economic disparity in a community is an ordinary occurrence, which affects the quality and accessibility of oral healthcare. Oral health in children is one of the most widespread healthcare issues in a community. Community-oriented care providers study children’s oral health as they map these health concerns with social...
As I read through the article, the first question that came into my mind was why African-Americans treated by hemodialysis lived longer than whites. Another question that came into my mind was why whites withdrew from dialysis treatment and preferred replacement therapy more than African-Americans. As I continued reading the...
Introduction Professional organizations in the health sector in most jurisdictions perform a vital role in ensuring effective management of health issues. In the US, professional institutions like the American nurses association (ANA) have been instrumental in the development of the new health care policy that was an apolitical issue. The...
The issue of euthanasia is considered an ethical dilemma because this problem has no satisfactory solutions. All the possible solutions can be discussed as exclusive and morally right or wrong when they are analyzed from different perspectives (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2008, p. 90-96). Euthanasia is prohibited in relation to the...
Introduction The book Managing Health Services: Concepts and Practice written by Mary Harris (2005) are aimed at examining the functioning of medical institutions and their employees. The author of this book is a researcher who studies the work of healthcare organizations and the interactions between different professionals who care about...
Technology in Nursing Profession The use of technology in the nursing profession has the potential to improve the performance of nurses, healthcare provision, and security of information. Technology improves the work environment of nurses through the improvement of safety, efficiency, and quality of health services. Technological advances in information services,...
Bereavement Bereavement is defined as the period an individual experiences a feeling of sorrow and sadness due to the death of their close person such as a significant other (Walsh, 2008). Bereavement is very individual and differs from a person to person based on their personal qualities. Uncomplicated bereavement Having...
The study reviews the case of starting a health care clinic in a rural area. The practical nurse, Jennifer Kowal, who intends to find a center of medical assistance in a detached district, is motivated to undertake the project on her own. However, it should be kept in mind that...
Qualitative Article Purpose statement The article under review is “Development of a proactive care program (U‐CARE) to preserve physical functioning of frail older people in primary care” by Bleijenberg et al. (2013). Bleijenberg et al. (2013) stated that “the aim of the study was to describe the development process of...
Limited health literacy effects on the health of older people There are many reasons why limited health literacy may affect the health of older people in a variety of ways. First, it is necessary to understand that older people may suffer from health disparities and poor health outcomes, the necessity...
Demographic Variables in Women’s Health As the United States of America is one of the most multinational countries in the world, its demographics in health care are represented not only by gender and age determinants but also by race and ethnicity. In women’s health, the highest rates of heart disease...
Nursing plays a significant role in the preservation of women’s health. Over the past decades, this health care institution has offered numerous approaches beneficial for the improvement of the general health environment. Nursing communities have carried out considerable work aimed at studying the issue of women’s health and the delivery...
Ryan’s Family Family Composition Ryan’s family is young. The father is aged 32 years old; the mother is 30 while their son, Jack is aged 4 years old. The racial composition of Ryan’s family is African-American. Roles of each family member Ryan is the head of this family and, therefore,...
Introduction This essay aims to critic nine samples of articles on qualitative studies related to healthcare. The major sections that the essay will address include the sampling procedures, general criteria for data collection, the descriptive statistics implemented, and inferential techniques used. Health Informatics Opportunities and Challenges: Preliminary Study in the...
Introduction Hypertension and diseases of the renal and urological system can be discussed as connected problems. Kidney diseases can be associated with hypertension, as well as problems with high blood pressure can have an impact on the effective functioning of kidneys. The problem is in the fact that high blood...
Abstract Status epilepticus (SE) is a serious neurological condition that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. Among the available benzodiazepines, nurses should choose the best drug to use for SE. The purpose of this paper is to assess the pharmacological treatment of SE using benzodiazepines and determine nursing implications. Introduction Status...
Introduction There are several factors to consider when planning for a recruitment exercise. The most important factor is the necessity of the job. If the job can be redistributed to the existing workforce, then the recruitment process is unnecessary. It is also important to ensure that the institution gets applications...
Introduction Personalization is a paradigm in the social care system that focuses on improving the quality of social care that social workers provide. Burton, Toscano, and Zonouzi (2012) define personalization as a way of addressing the needs and desires of individuals by ensuring that they have the right advice, information,...
Professional Strategies to Increase My Power The problem of nurse staff ratio to patients in a hospital setting is wanting and therefore calls for change. In advocating for better staffing, I will use the following strategies to prepare and convince the legislative institute to improve the nursing profession. First, I...
Journals Name Journal of Emergency Nursing Scope The journal in question addresses emergency nursing issues in general without focusing on any specific area. According to the official statement of the organization, the journal articles cover “clinical topics, integrative or systematic literature reviews, research, and practice improvement initiatives” (About the journal,...
Introduction Case management entails a package of care that comprises an array of activities that differ extensively between programs (Hughes, 2010). Nursing case management targets individuals living with long-term health conditions. These patients have varying intensity of needs, and that should be prescribed effectively. Consequently, this has induced the greater...
Introduction The case management model is an important care delivery model especially for patients with chronic conditions. In fact, the case management model enables the provision of health care to patients with conditions deemed expensive to treat (Khanassov, Vedel, & Pluye, 2014). The goal is a coordination of care to...
Introduction Many medical researchers use qualitative research in clinical settings (Miller 191; Wimpenny and Gass 1485). Their motivation to do so stems from the capability for qualitative research to act as evidence for nursing practice changes. In my profession as a nurse, I find qualitative research to be useful in...
The implementation of the health information system will be performed for the hospital staff training, and its configuration will be performed by hospital needs. The following table presents the timeline for system training and implementation. Phase task Milestone and deliverables Start date End date Responsible role Installation and initial training...
More than 500 million people globally are affected by obesity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is defined and characterized concerning BMI (as cited in Alpert, Lavie, Agrawal, Aggarwal, & Kumar, 2014). Obesity is a serious public health problem whose prevalence has remained exponentially high. Central obesity, which...
Name of the Model: John Kotter’s Eight Steps to Change Model Description of the Model John Kotter’s model of change outlines eight steps that managers can take to bring about change in their organizations. The first step involves creating a sense of urgency. Kotter argues that urgency is a necessity...
Cervical stump carcinoma is a condition that is usually attributed to either subtotal hysterectomy or supravaginal hysterectomy. Other research studies have also attributed cervical carcinoma to other forms of disease conditions, most notable of which include uterine fibromyomas. The risk factor of a woman contracting cervical carcinoma who has previously...
Introduction In health law, it is vital for the patient to be fully informed of the tests and treatments to be administered. The medical practitioner attending to the patient is supposed to disclose all the necessary information concerning the medical condition of the patient and the appropriate tests and treatments...
Bruce, F. (1989). Power Acquisition in Health Care Setting: An Application of Strategic Contingencies Theory Human Relations, 41(12), 915-927. In this article, the author has put emphasis on Substitute Tactical contingency theories suggesting the uncertainty managing, non-changeability and centrality predict intra-managerial grouping power. The theory was put to test in twenty...
Introduction Cardiac arrest is the leading cause of debility and unexpected death globally. It can however be managed and patients can gain full recovery if only they get the necessary medical attention expediently. Scientific data collected from numerous researches has proven that elevated temperatures in the brain are the cause...
Theory/Author Name and Background Nola J. Pender developed the Health Promotion Model (HPM) in 1982 and revised it in 1996. There have been subsequent revisions with the fifth edition in 2006. The model has been chosen as appropriate for Family Nurse Practitioners. HPM is a middle-range theory that focuses on...
The Ethical Implications of a Breach of Confidentiality According to Lawrence (2007, p. 36), “patient confidentiality is critical in every nursing practice”. This fact explains why “caregivers should understand the circumstances and situations under which confidentially can be broken” (Purtilo & Doherty, 2011, p. 39). Patient confidentiality is critical because...
Abstract Primary Care Clinics offer quality medical services to patients with different health needs. A proper managerial strategy can ensure every clinic achieves the best medical outcomes. The targeted primary care clinic has 69 employees. Such employees work tirelessly to fulfill the changing health needs of their targeted patients. This...
Introduction The ability to restore, repair, cure, and return to wholeness is called healing. However, cure can be defined as the restoration or recovery from illness. Cure can be described as the process, mechanism, practice, and agent of healing. The healing hospital is a conceptual model that employs healing designs...
The student’s character and values that have a positive impact on academic nursing life include confidentiality, rationality, effective communication, high morals, respect, and promotion of equality. Basically, these elements form the strength of a successful nursing career. Positive ethical aspirations are achievable through action-oriented respect, mutual coexistence, and deeply entrenched...
Introduction Comprehensive history taking and physical examination skills are important during patient assessment for accurate diagnosis. This paper explains how to obtain a detailed history from patients and how to examine the genitalia and rectum of a male patient. It then gives the probable diagnoses based on the symptoms present....
Introduction Incidences of prostate cancer continue rising globally although its causes remain unknown. Therefore, varieties of strategies are necessary to reduce the prevalence of prostate cancer in patients at risk. This paper explains how to prevent and treat prostate cancer. It also illustrates the side effects of the various therapies...
Introduction Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reduces menopausal symptoms by replacing the decreasing female hormones (Holloway, 2010). The target hormones for replacement are estrogen and progesterone. The decline in estrogen levels leads to numerous effects unlike a decline in progesterone levels. This paper explores factors to consider before initiating hormone replacement...
Introduction Improving service delivery in healthcare is the core objective of nursing. In this regard, delivery of quality services is expected in terms of nursing processes, informatics, adequate facilities and general improvement of the healthcare system. An effective healthcare system reduces risks for both patients and nurses. Modern nursing advancements...
Introduction This paper evaluates the health outcomes of India and China by comparing their health indicators. It shows that both countries have experienced different health outcomes, in terms of life expectancy and infant mortality rates. In line with this discussion, this paper explores the reasons for the health disparities between...
Introduction Globalization has affected different aspects of life through the elimination of trade barriers and increased mobility of capital and labor. These changes have affected the political and economic landscapes of countries that have embraced it. Similar to how it has changed the economic landscape, globalization has also changed health...
Abstract Essentially it is noted that inter-professional training is a crucial approach to teaching healthcare providers, especially in the nursing profession. In this regard, the inter-professional training that takes place in OR becomes of even greater importance since it facilitates observational learning and sharing of ideas. Although there are such...
Introduction This paper will make an in depth research analysis on Down syndrome in Australia due to the fact that a significant proportion of Australians’ population is either affected by it directly and indirectly, whereby more than 400 children are born with the disorder. The paper will analyze the causes...
Introduction The need for an alternative to allogeneic red blood cells (RBCs) remains a challenge that man has attempted to solve for more than a century. Although the fundamental function and sacred nature of blood was known since the first time of our era by prehistoric civilizations (Baudin-Creuza et al,...
Summary of the articles Ngo, C. & Leo, S. (2008). “Industrial accident-related ocular emergencies in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.” Singapore Medical Journal, 49(4), 280-286 Ngo & Leo (2008) wanted to find out the nature and causes of industrial eye-related injuries in Singapore. It was achieved through a retrospective study...
Introduction It is important to note that ageism is a negative way of thinking or believing about the process of growing old or about elderly people. The sentiments and ideas of society regarding aging are culturally established and can have a significant impact on how individuals see themselves and others...
Mindfulness in SLP Practice How we frame our sentences in speech therapy may motivate clients to engage in the treatment process. Motivational interviewing uses (selectively) the following ways of talking with the patient to focus on change and guide them. When a therapist asks open-ended questions, the client can answer...
Changes in healthcare technology, skills and experience, patient requirements, and expectations have resulted in the overall healthcare system transformations in recent years. Increasing life expectancy and chronic illnesses, the advancement of surgery, the expansion of primary health care, and the gradual drop in hospital admissions have led to a shift...
Introduction Medical mistakes, unfavorable occurrences, and poor patient healthcare outcomes might result from inadequate transition planning. Hospitals may incur annual costs of $12 billion to $44 billion due to these problems. Care management databases that care transfers from hospitals to homes, nursing homes, or post-acute care facilities must be effective....
The advanced nursing role that I am pursuing is Family Nurse Practitioner (FPN). The position correlates with tasks, values, and objectives that I believe are primordial in the field of medicine. Namely, as an FPN, I will provide continuous care, which implies that I will consider the patient’s experiences, background,...
Healthcare Problem Insurance coverage is a complex system in American health care that is not always available a priori to all citizens. The lack of insurance is a severe problem, leading to worsening health, social and vocational adjustment, and development opportunities (Keisler-Starkey & Bunch, 2021). Moreover, people cannot always receive...
The COVID-19 pandemic put the topic of preventative measures at the forefront of the public conversation. Handwashing, in particular, became the focus of discussion as it is considered one of the easiest yet effective methods to combat the coronavirus’s spread. Nevertheless, it is essential to distinguish between handwashing with water...
Coordinated Governance in Healthcare Efficient and effective operations in hospitals demand specialty coordination between the governance, medical staff, administration, and board of trustees. Care coordination by improving health workforce governance is critical for accountability, consensus building, and inclusivity in leadership and decision-making. Although patients, staff, and other healthcare providers strongly...
There is no arguing the fact that a mentally healthy environment is essential for people to be productive and satisfied with their quality of life. According to Staglin (2021), people’s social and physical environment is what ultimately drives their health throughout their lives. From there comes the definition of social...
Introduction Obesity is a multifaceted medical concern that involves excess fats in the human body. Increased fat levels in the human body increase the risk of other diseases, such as high blood pressure, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders (Blüher, 2019). There is a significant difference between being overweight and being obese....
Introduction The climate crisis is used to be assessed from the side of risks to nature and the economy. However, global warming is seriously affecting human health, taking millions of lives. Extreme temperatures negatively affect almost all human organs: the heart, kidneys, and lungs suffer especially from heat. While many...
Culture plays an important role in human perception of and attitudes to health due to the prevalent behaviors and beliefs that predetermine health-related routines and decisions. The implementation of a health education program requires specific identifications of a targeted health issue, the particularities of the population and its culture, and...
Introduction Over the last two years, governments globally have been struggling with COVID-19 and its consequences. Various experts have proposed that focusing on innovation might be unnecessary in light of the pandemic, and investing in infrastructure and existing treatments is more appropriate. As a result, there is an ongoing debate...
Introduction The article provides academic explanations of how healthcare systems are compared based on their benefits to the patients. Furthermore, it delivers an extensive description of health system levels and types, which include the National Health Service (NHS), National Health Insurance (NHI), and Social Health Insurance (SHI). Cheryl Camillo (2017)...
Introduction The therapeutic modality chosen for this research is invasive blood pressure monitoring via the cannulation of a peripheral artery. The expediency of this choice is presupposed by the modality’s meeting the particular criteria. First of all, it requires specific training above and beyond general entry-level nursing education. In addition,...
One of the essential components of a free society is the healthcare system, yet it is also one of the few fields that are ignored or taken lightly. Additionally, the current epidemic has worsened the predicament, resulting in a scarcity of healthcare personnel and a collapse of healthcare services. According...
Introduction The literature review is essential to the development of a project, especially when working with a medical profession like nursing. Light of current pieces of evidence, elements, concepts, and theories on the topic of research, provides the researcher with a deeper understanding and a broader perspective. The integration of...
Introduction: Business Understanding National Health Service (NHS) Trust Overview Amid the impacts of COVID-19 worldwide, the NHS is more than dedicated to ensuring England residents live healthier lives. This aligns with the vision statement “enabling people to live healthier and more independent lives through high-quality seamless care.” Years after the...
The 1840s saw a shift in attitudes. Parliament invited Edwin Chadwick, a government servant working for the Poor Law Commission, to look into the living circumstances in Britain. His 1842 observations on the sanitary conditions of the laboring population concluded that many cases of poverty and illness were brought on...
Social support services are among the most important healthcare indicators in an area. According to the RWJ RAND 2018 survey, 36.5 percent of adults identified to have a “strong to very strong attitude that social and physical factors had a significant influence on health (Carman et al., 2019). This statement...
Case One Despite being an elderly citizen aged 78 years, Raymond should not have died in the hands of medical practitioners. Several inefficiencies are notable in the first case study that can result in poor care delivery. The first one is the absence of proper mechanisms for responding to emergencies...
The health care system is crucial for every country’s proper functioning and development. However, the United States of America’s health care is not perfect and has much space for improvement. One of the factors that affected it in recent years is the COVID-19 pandemic. It has discovered the key moments...
Introduction The United States is known as a country with the best and most properly developed healthcare system. The relationship between private and public agencies and non-profit and for-profit organizations defines the quality of the progress of healthcare services. Much attention is currently paid to the role of government and...
Introduction With the outbreak of Covid-19, many people have been forced to confront the reality of the healthcare system. One of the most important questions the society has to ask itself is how to protect the most vulnerable members of society – the elderly. This paper will focus on identifying...
Public health is a crucial aspect of sustainability for the entire society on a national scale. However, several aspects hinder the coherent and entirely satisfactory cooperation of public health authorities and authorities. However, the coronavirus pandemic has brought the US government to the issue of social and environmental responsibility, which...
The outcomes management method is based on four principles initially formulated by the original movement of medical professionals that promoted this approach to providing quality and effective therapy and care in the mainstream healthcare discourse. The first one is “greater reliance on standards and guidelines” (Quality of care and the...
Introduction A professional nursing organization is a group that clarifies, researches, educates, and promotes the continued development of nurses and the entire nursing field. These organizations create opportunities for enhancing nursing practice, education, health policy, and upholding healthcare standards (Cho & Han, 2018). Professional associations in nursing are essential for...
Introduction Nursing practitioner (NP) is an important personnel in healthcare because they act as a primary care provider to their patients. This shows that nurse practitioners can provide care to their patients even when they are not being directly supervised by a physician. When it is necessary, they can write...