Dongre, A. S., Inamdar, I. F., & Gattani, P. L. (2017). Nomophobia: A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence and impact of cell phone on health. National Journal of Community Medicine, 8(11), 688-693. Web. The article examines the dependence patterns, nomophobia prevalence, and health impacts of cell phone usage. The...
The examination of the importance of human existence has been a significant issue, and the debate about ending the lives of individuals has existed for years. People have strived to find an absolute response to it. Some individuals argue that life is supernaturally given and that no one has the...
Introduction The autoclave is validated to ensure that it is functioning correctly and full sterilization is achieved after usage. This ensures that pharmaceutical products are free from microorganisms and they are fit for consumption. In addition, effectiveness of an autoclave determines the quality and purity of goods obtained, high standards...
Introduction The role of advanced practice nurses has been a matter of increased discussion among scholars, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. Currently, all the stakeholders have reached a consensus concerning benefits that advanced practice nurses (APNs) can bring to primary care. However, several barriers on federal, state, and organizational levels reduce...
The American healthcare system is fragmented, as its elements such as private and public practice, service providers and their patients, training, and citizen’s needs are not sufficiently connected. Such gaps, the lack of cooperation between structures, leads to the fact that the patient does not receive the necessary treatment. Moreover,...
Access to health care is the most critical factor that determines whether a state will achieve a Healthy People 2020 goal. It has an impact on the quality of one’s life, social, physical, and mental health status. Disparities in the economic status based on residential location, ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status,...
Anna, F. I. and Mander, R. (2011). The relationship between first-time mothers and care providers in the early postnatal phase: an ethnographic study in a Swiss postnatal unit. Midwifery, 27(5), 716-22. These authors highlight the role of ‘caring relationship’ as a therapeutic intervention between first-time mothers and caregivers. They concluded...
In the scope of nursing, empowerment may be one of the essential tools for the productive work of employees and the success of a health organization. There are many ways to empower the staff, implement assessment systems, and encourage employees with bonuses. For instance, money can be a reason for...
Healthcare professionals, including nurses, have the enormous responsibility of gathering accurate patient information consistent with the principle of patient-centered care. Moreover, clinical staff have the obligation of incorporating patient information with scientific evidence and professional expertise to deliver high-quality and safe patient care. Standard operating procedures and charts are essential...
Cellulitis is a disease mainly caused by bacterial infection to the skin that poor treatment leads to the spread across the skin. Therefore, it is important to address the issue with the aim of enhancing optimal patient care. As a medical practitioner, I recall an incident of a patient suffering...
Managing nursing staff in any medical unit involves adhering to a specific leadership style. Often, when taking on a new position, one can observe how nurses reproduce the management style in they developed as specialists. However, there is no arbitrary choice of the style of communication with subordinates, because the...
Researchers have found a certain relationship between a nurse’s educational level and their particular interest and participation in policy making. There are several entry points for nurses to start their professional career, which are associated with participating in the Licensed Practical Nurse Program, Registered Nurse Program, Associate Degree Program, and...
Introduction Due to a variety and number of errors stemming from the human factor, medical personnel needs not only wised-developed policies and guidelines but also reliable support from advanced technology. In this regard, healthcare providers possess health information systems (HIS), including electronic health records (EHRs) substituting the paper-based variety of...
Based on these articles, do you agree that vaccines are safe? Why or why not? After reading all three study materials, there is no reason to assume that vaccines could pose a health risk to the average patient. The safety of vaccines has a key priority in their development since...
The key element addressed by the two articles pertains to the problem of hospital-acquired infections (HAI). The infections mainly occur due to contamination and dirtiness in the hospital environment. Bacteria are hatched and spread under a dirty surrounding that is then transmitted to visiting people and patients. The problem is...
Introduction Measuring healthcare system performance and its direct effect on population health is important for the evaluation of healthcare management. One of the most widespread proxy measures of doing so is the infant mortality rate (IMR). It stands for the number of deaths in children aged 12 months or below...
Acknowledgements The ability to complete this research could never have achieved without the encouragement and understanding of my family and specially Rayan my brother, who endured from did not back to home country for long time. I wish to express my gratitude to my supervisors Carol Holder and Nasser Khan,...
Introduction The main objectives of this section are to explain the justification for the methods used in collecting outcome data for the EBP implementation, describe how the outcome measures are able to assess the extent to which intervention objectives are realized, and illustrate how project outcomes will be measured and...
Critique of the Study’s Introduction Research Problem and Purpose The researchers concisely stated the problem they intended to investigate. The provided problem statement is clear, significant, and congruent with the study’s purpose. It contains a comprehensive description of the study’s background, pertinent variables, target populace, and an elucidation of the...
Computerized provider entry has a positive effect on the quality and safety of the process of care. Anderson and Abrahamson (2017) state that “information technology can reduce errors,” but “hospitals have been slow to invest in these technologies” (p. 16). Despite the existence of unintended consequences and insignificant changes in...
Introduction Creswell (1998) defines qualitative research as an inquiry process involving various methods which assist in understanding social as well as human problems. The process is very crucial when it comes to cases when insightful understanding on the various interactions between man and its environment is required. Interactive relationships existing...
Introduction The campaigns directed at advancing the state of birth control science are a significant topic of historical research. The work of Marie Stopes focused on improving the methods of birth prevention, as well as her contributions to the birth control movement, are an essential part of the historical and...
COVID-19 has made it possible to adopt some new normal behaviors such as handwashing and social distance in the public and mandatory mask wearing by optometrists and other clinicians. The public will find it necessary to see medics in their personal protective gear at all times, except in rear situations....
Results of Internet Search The problem of unattractive skin dimples disturbs women all around the world. Hence, cosmetics manufacturers use to sell products of various efficacy to benefit from the situation. While conducting Internet research, I have chosen the topic of anti-cellulite items and narrowed the issue to the words...
In fact, a significant challenge in the clinical environment is not only to optimize treatment and find more effective and faster ways to treat the patient but also to take decisive preventive measures. Prophylaxis of clinical equipment, medical uniforms, and hand materials using highly reliable sterilizing agents is a priority...
The definition of “attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder?” Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is defined as a common mental disorder that may be characterized by the continuous pattern of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity that interferes with the person’s development and functioning. The characteristics of ADHD lead to difficult behavior Regardless of the...
Social discrimination is a regressive practice against progress, as evidenced in modern communities. Both liberal and conservative societies experience discriminative methods against minority populations. In the U.S., specifically, the American Indian and Alaskan Native persons have endured segregation in public institutions (Dickerson et al. 735). These individuals suffer limited access...
The nursing shortage is a highly important issue and a critical challenge for national health care because it is one of the main causes of poor quality of medical services. The ratio of nurses to patients continues to decline, and there has been a plethora of authors addressing this issue...
Introduction The client is a sixty-five-year-old male, who suffered a condition, which left him bedridden. Due to impaired mobility, he cannot leave the bed. The patient currently resides in a nursing home, where all his basic needs are attended to by the nursing staff and healthcare assistants. The lack of...
Evidence-based practice changes promote the transition of practice to enhance quality care provision. In evidence-based practice implementation, the financial, clinical, and quality aspects are taken into consideration. One financial aspect that should be taken into account is the medical bill of the patient. In terms of quality, it is salient...
Introduction Nurses work in an increasingly complex environment that requires a multidimensional approach to practice. Differentiating between religious, spiritual, and cultural needs of patients contradicts many care practitioners. Spiritual, cultural, and religious beliefs or preferences differ across different people and are extremely important in providing high-quality care. Nurses should learn...
Introduction Nursing is a critical aspect in health care delivery. When patients are admitted into a health care institution, the doctors treat the patient, and he or she is left under the care of the nurse. At least it is expected that the nurse should be able to assist the...
The nursing shortage is a significant problem in the US, especially during the time of the pandemic. According to Haddad et al. (2020), there are 3.9 million nurses in the United States, and the need for them keeps growing in all healthcare settings, including pediatrics. The primary reason for the...
Introduction “Every nurse in the U.S. is responsible for knowing the state’s NPA and regulatory requirements for nursing for every jurisdiction in which they hold a license” (NCSBN, 2018, p. 5). Numerous laws and regulations govern the nursing practice, and state boards of nursing carefully oversee nurses’ compliance with these...
There has been little attention given to the role of the built environment in addressing public health concerns, such as Malaria and cholera (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 2015). Particularly, there have been minimal efforts to appreciate the role of a dynamic built environment as a tool...
Nurses play a major role in delivering healthcare services to patients and providing them with necessary assistance. “The Future of Nursing” is a report by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative, which was created to address the existing challenges of the American healthcare system and particularly of the nursing...
The main principle of system-based practice is to show awareness and responsiveness to a broad context of the healthcare system and use resources effectively to provide high-quality care for the patients. In healthcare, leaders frequently use system-based practice to empower other nurses. This essay will explain how I will use...
Introduction People use social media to connect with their peers, family, and professionals and receive new knowledge. Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn have become the most popular platforms to share information and stay updated regarding the latest news. While social media websites have many benefits, careless usage can affect a person’s...
Antwi, Y. A., & Bowblis, J. R. (2018). The impact of nurse turnover on quality of care and mortality in nursing homes: Evidence from the great recession. American Journal of Health Economics, 4(2), 131−163. This article focuses on the effects of turnover of nurses on the quality of nursing home...
The acid-base balance is an important parameter that is maintained in the human blood within certain limits. This is necessary for the normal functioning of various body systems, biochemical reactions, and the optimal functioning of enzymes. The body’s acid-base state includes three main mechanisms: the functioning of extracellular and intracellular...
In this proposal, an outline of goals and activities that pertain to shadowing a nurse leader within an ICU setting is presented. The goals and topics of interest are managed in three parts, which are overarching ICU nurse leadership roles, collaboration, conflict resolution in a hospital setting, and professionalism and...
Nursing leaders play an essential role in the process of care quality improvement by leading others. In their turn, managers bridge the gap between administrative and bedside care roles by dealing with a set of challenging daily tasks. Both roles require a high level of expertise, knowledge, and particular technical...
Introduction One aspect that differentiates excellent leaders from terrible, efficient leaders from unproductive, and preferred leaders from hated ones is the aptitude to assemble organizational source of wealth to make things happen. These qualities of a good leader are clearly seen in Sister Carol Keehan’s influential power in the accomplishment...
With an aging population and shifts in the way people die, all nurses should prepare to care for a dying person at some point in their careers or personal lives. Integrating a palliative approach early in the disease phase for people with life-limiting illnesses across all care settings will improve...
Introduction Cultural competency, defined as health professionals’ ability to effectively provide care that meets patients’ linguistic, social, and cultural demands, is among the emerging nursing trends. Incorporating cultural proficiency into nursing practice is essential in overcoming the wide variety of health literacy, cultural, and linguistic barriers. Cultural competency integration goes...
The selected policy is the addition of the requirement that a bachelor’s degree in nursing serves as the entry level into the profession. There are numerous reasons why such a policy should be put in place. One such explanation is that it directly influences the quality of service that is...
A medication error occurs as a result of the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended or the use of the wrong plan to achieve a specific aim. The rate of medication errors that occur as well as the consequences of those situations are frightening. In the...
The difference between qualitative and quantitative research lies in their statistical analysis approach, type of data used, and purpose. While quantitative research deals with numerical data through its exploration, inductive logic, and information discovery to understand a phenomenon, quantitative research is inherently different as it deepens new knowledge. Quantitative research...
For aspiring nurses with a Master’s Degree, the next evident step in the career is to get either a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree or apply for the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.) level. The primary difference between them is the approach to nursing. As seen from the name,...
Pressure ulcers represent a severe condition that immobilizes people and exposes them to additional health issues that are caused by the worsening of blood flow. Soft tissues deteriorate under pressure, which is also rather typical of individuals that are confined to wheelchairs. One of the ideas that are mentioned in...
Introduction Providing proper healthcare is important for the full recovery of patients. As such, hospitals assign patients to nurses who will ensure proper medical care and quick recovery. Nurse practitioners (NPs) help in preventing diseases, promoting health, diagnosis and health education. NPs play an essential role in patient recovery, although...
A chief nursing officer, or a CNO, is a practitioner that has a multitude of roles within the workplace. Apart from the guaranteed nursing duties, a CNO will also perform administrative roles, leadership duties, advisory functions, and links between physicians and the hospital’s nursing staff (Batcheller et al., 2017). A...
A substantial percentage of healthcare infections are attributable to the healthcare stakeholders’ actions. Hand hygiene is a crucial way in which healthcare facilities can prevent diseases, and improve the quality of care. The article evaluating hand hygiene compliance among healthcare staff in the intensive care unit discusses the role of...
One of the major demands in terms of current research studies on the matter of nursing concerns their relevance in both social and professional contexts. Hence, the vast majority of today’s studies focus on the nursing implications under the pressure of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the research article chosen...
Introduction Leadership qualities play a fundamental role in managing healthcare processes effectively by providing safe and comfortable conditions for both nursing professionals and their patients. More specifically, servant leadership is a distinctive approach to nurturing the inner leader for each nurse practitioner in their medical practice. Servant leadership represents a...
The article written by Min et al., in 2016, researches the technical effectiveness of nursing care. The study also analyses the features of efficient and qualified facilities during the second part of the article (Min et al., 2016). Overall, the research questions focus on estimating the appropriate technical proficiency of...
I witnessed a situation at the hospital entailing poor communication between the nurses and the patient. The patient failed to understand the challenging situation that encompassed an obese individual’s surgical operation and carried on with the practice smoothly that later resulted in complications. This situation contributed to the patient’s ability...
Introduction Cultural competence is defined as organizations’ and providers’ ability to efficiently deliver health care services that meet social and cultural needs. Cultural factors can influence health and health care, such as language, communication, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. It is an essential component of quality nursing care that lays a...
Research Topic The number of people addicted to drugs is increasing in the U.S., and this problem becomes one of the most crucial ones in modern times. In turn, it also leads to many other issues that require specific attention and solution measures. For example, researchers note that “about 50,000...
Introduction Healthcare services, unfortunately, are not free of pre-existing bias against socially stigmatized illnesses. HIV and AIDS are among these conditions and carry an associated history of discrimination towards the affected due to the sexual transmission of a significant part of the disease cases. Yet, as any immune disorder, HIV...
Hutton, J., Horowitz-Kraus, T., Mendelsohn, A., DeWitt, T., & Holland, S. (2015). Home Reading Environment and Brain Activation in Preschool Children Listening to Stories. Pediatrics, 136(3). Web. The article aimed at illustrating the essence of home reading exposure on neural activation of the left side of the brain. The source...
Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a serious illness that was incurable children’s disorder in the past (American Lung Association, n.d.). Modern treatment helps children with fibrosis live long lives. CF causes the development of thick mucus that damages the organs of the respiratory and digestive systems of the human...
Chlamydia, a human sexually transmitted infection (STI), is caused by the chlamydia trachomatis bacteria. C. trachomatis is an obligate gram-negative intracellular pathogen that infects the respiratory, ocular, and genital tissues (O’Connell & Ferone, 2016). The disease is transmitted from one person to another through genital contact, meaning one can contract...
Health dimensions reveal challenges encountered in handling kidney disorders. The whole well being of an individual is affected by the kidneys which have the main life preserving role of maintaining the body’s chemical homeostasis. The implementation of a medical nutrition therapy while treating a kidney disorder helps in the enhancement...
Kidney stones is a disease affecting the urinary tract. The medical term for kidney stones is renal calculi, urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis (Alelign & Petros, 2018). Kidney stones are generally described as hard crystalline objects that consist of chemicals in the urine. There are four types of renal calculi, and the...
Introduction The fight against drug abuse is often lengthy and tiresome. It takes a lot of strength and determination for one to get off drugs and keep him/herself clean. This cannot happen overnight and even after one has completed a rehabilitation program, a lot of support is required to stay...
Expected Signs and Symptoms Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is characterized by high levels of creatinine, urea, and accumulation of waste products due to decreased kidney function. The patient might report fatigue, oliguria, anuria, nephrotoxic insult, and nocturia. A full history and physical examination will be ordered to determine the etiology...
Emergency Situation and Specific Criteria: Renal Acute kidney failure (AKF) is one of the scenarios that require immediate assistance. Seeing that the factors causing kidney failure are very numerous, it is crucial to diagnose the problem in a manner as accurate as possible; otherwise, the patient’s life may be in...
Introduction Food-borne infections have drawn substantial attention among medical practitioners and society at large. According to Todd (2020), an estimated 76 million Americans fall sick from various consumables every year. Fundamentally, forborne illnesses are caused by 200 different microbes, which increases the rate of disease occurrence (Camino Feltes et al.,...
Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is a major global health concern that has profoundly adverse effects on the level of the infected people’s well-being, their life expectancy, and their life satisfaction. It is important that individuals who are affected by HIV also very often suffer from a serious problem...
This paper discusses the problem of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among adolescents in Atlantic City and Atlantic County in New Jersey. People of ages from 10 to 19 are increasingly engaging in sexual intercourse without necessarily following the proper safety guidelines. As a result, the rate of STD infection among...
The intended study seeks to analyze the incidence of various sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the state of Mississippi. The findings will be used to support the introduction of evidence-based measures to reduce infections. Background STDs are some of the common conditions that different health organizations need to take into...
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial-based kidney disease. It causes inflammatory processes in the human body, most often affecting one kidney. It can proceed in acute or chronic form; respectively, sometimes, it is hard to identify. Women are often exposed to pyelonephritis due to another disease, cystitis, after which kidney problems begin...
Physical exercise has numerous benefits to the body including improving its immune response. The immune system comprises many white blood cells within the bone marrow that protect the body from diseases and infections. Exercising increases immune response by stimulating the production of white blood cells. Elevated temperatures during physical activity...
Unfortunately, it is impossible to say that when a fetus is still in the developmental stage in its mother’s womb, it is completely protected from any negative influence. Quite the contrary, there are many factors, including environmental impacts and mothers’ various experiences and actions, that are adverse to unborn babies...
Introduction Psychedelic medications are a highly polarizing topic both within medical circles and for society at large. In the public eye, they are closely connected to addictive drugs and provoke general distrust. The two sections of this essay are dedicated to the psychedelic treatment for medical conditions and the comparison...
In the United States, the cases of diverticulitis are frequent when patients suffer from pouches in their digestive system. Annually, about 180 out of 100,000 people are diagnosed with this condition, including those who are older than 50 years, women, and whites (Swanson & Strate, 2018). Its symptoms include abdominal...
Critique of the Scale and the Report on its Reliability and Validity The study in question will require measuring the relationship between the two variables: perceived social support (the independent variable) and HIV treatment compliance (the dependent variable). It is possible to measure the treatment compliance as a percentage of...
Introduction The outbreak and prevalence of any disease in any part of the world arouse medical attention and research interests globally. Notably, before 1995, the outbreak, incidences, and the spread of Hepatitis A depicted an upward trend globally. For instance, in the US, the disease incidence rate was 6/100,000. However,...
For the patients with urinary incontinence, there are some specifics of using different catheters while patients are in acute care settings. In adult patients, intermittent urinary catheters of groups P, C, O, and I are used for different purposes, and there is a tendency that the introduction of such classification...
Teenage pregnancy or pregnancy at a very early stage is defined in different countries in different ways. For instance, in the United States it is defined as an under aged girl becoming pregnant where as in the United Kingdom, there is a legal definition whereby a woman is considered to...
The practitioner report written by Valerie Aiach Dominitz provides a unique perspective on the importance of Gestalt therapy for the rehabilitation of people with substance use disorder, bipolar disorder, and any other conditions requiring intervention. The author claims that this method is one of the most efficient ways to ensure...
Basic Information about the Upcoming Study The current paper provides a review of literature on the topic of the relationship between anti-HIV treatment adherence and social support among African American HIV-positive females. It was established that social support generally increases the levels of HIV-treatment compliance, but further studies may be...
In this first article, I read sixty pages, and the keywords used to find the articles include acute kidney injury and acute renal failure. This information is relevant in nursing since it informs the clinicians on the difference between ARF and AKI. I chose it because it describes the reasons...
Contentions against the utilization of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) to make food crops, bioreactors, and potential sickness therapies are very assorted and complex. The innovation started a firestorm of contention at the end of the 20th century as numerous contentions concern whether GM crops are unnatural. This development epitomizes the...
CAUTI is an infection that sets in and involves urinary systems such as the bladder, ureters, urethra, and kidneys. Urinary tract infections are considered to be most common type as reported by National Healthcare Safety Network (Taha et al., 2017). The condition occurs when bacteria penetrates and invades the urinary...
The management of STD and HIV is a crucial part of promoting health among the members of the target population. Seeing that the percentage of young people that contract STD and HIV remains high not only I the United States but also all over the world, a comprehensive program that...
Although HIV and STD are no longer in the spotlight of the public attention due to the increasingly significant threats from cancer and other health issues, the problem of providing target populations with the relevant information and compelling them to follow the suggested behaviors remains a problem (Latkin et al.,...
Introduction The kidneys in the human body are required to filter all the blood in an individual’s organism every half an hour. These organs perform the job of removing wastes, toxins, and excess fluid and participate in the process of blood pressure control, stimulate the production of red blood cells,...
Introduction Drug abuse is one of the most troublesome societal issues in the modern world. Despite the decline of HIV/AIDS incidence across the globe, the number of people who contact the infection remains relatively high, with approximately 50,000 new annual cases in the United States alone (Kulikowski & Linder, 2018)....
Massage is a traditional practice that involves the manipulation of muscles and delicate tissues in the human body. It is sometimes regarded as conventional medicine in some countries due to its popularity and success although it is part of CAM (National Institutes of Health, 2007). A massage is a form...
Introduction Obesity is a widespread condition in Western societies today and especially prevalent in the U.S. An obese person is what most would recognize as significantly overweight. They have more body fat than is considered healthy for a person of their particular height. Generally speaking, a person who is 40...
With the rising dilemma of obesity around the globe, concerned people have started becoming conscious of their dietary intake. Obesity and high cholesterol lead to fatal illnesses such as heart diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. What is confusing the general health-conscious populace, is whether to stick to a low-fat diet in...
Introduction Fast foods companies are amongst the multinationals that are at the moment experiencing a high rate of expansion. These companies are characterized by quick service (Royle & Brian 2002, p. 2). At fast-food restaurants, food is served upon ordering with the option of either eating at the premises or...
Ensuring proper health, safety, and nutrition for a young child requires strict adherence to certain health precautions. Such safety measures revolve around food storage, food sanitation, proper food handling, food preparation, and presentation, which constitute healthy and wise feeding in children. Many people are often keen on the food they...
Introduction Fast food is a food trend that emerged and became globally fashionable in the post-industrial era. There is a widespread belief in society that fast food is unhealthy. The scientific community also thinks so, and numerous academic studies and researches confirm the statement. However, more and more people, including...
Introduction In our daily diet, we consume sugars regularly. It is part of our daily routine. It could be in the beverages or the colas that we drink or the ice creams that we eat. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), which is purported to add fewer calories to our diet, is...
Introduction Food habits are typically based on what is obtainable, satisfactory, and preferred. This dietary domain depends on the availability and edibility or inedibility of foodstuff. In this light, food preferences and habits are frequently associated with immediate considerations, including “taste, variation, well-being, self-expression, convenience, and cost” (Kittler and Sucher...
Introduction In order to survive, every individual needs to have a food allowance. Normally, the kind of diet that an individual adheres to helps to serve various purposes such as prevention of weight gain as well as general maintenance of health. Indeed Virgil asserts that the “outmost and greatest wealth...
Introduction Fast food in the form of burgers, fries, and sodas have become a part of western culture to such an extent that the most prevalent distinction for western society today is that of the “Fast Food” culture (Obesity In America: Large Portions, Large Proportions, 1-5). In nearly every western...
Introduction Genetic engineering is the amendment of the genetic composition of a particular organism or simply the adjustment of an organism’s transmissible matter in a bid to produce desirable characteristics (Starr, Evers, and Starr 190). It involves methods such as transgenesis, which employs lentiviruses’ capacity to relocate DNA or RNA...
Genetically modified crops have been altered through genetic engineering by introduction of new genetic elements, elimination or alteration. Examples of genetically modified cash crops are corn which accounts for 31 percent, cotton 13 %, soy bean 51% and canola 5% of agricultural production. In 2007, twenty three countries were growing...