Abstract Midwifery practice involves an intermediary role of promoting collaboration between all stakeholders, especially between family members and health care practitioners. Midwives inform the patient and family about the possible risks associated with the pregnancy, coordinate advanced care for complicated cases, and offer family support. They quell anxiety and stress...
The quality of nursing services provided to the future mothers depends not only on the qualification of midwives, though the latter issue also matters significantly, but also on the efficacy of information transfer from midwives to patients and vice versa. More importantly, the significance of establishing an efficient feedback system...
Shortly, midwives are expected to face new challenges in perfecting their responsibilities as partners, practitioners, and leaders in maternity care provision. Among the areas where the practice of midwifery is anticipated to be extremely challenging is in ensuring effective communication with all involved stakeholders. Since midwives provide vital care not...
Population, Demographics and Economic Patterns The 2010 Saudi Arabian national census estimated the Saudi population at 27.1 million (Albejaidi, 2010). The figure indicates a massive population increase from 22.6 million people in the year 2004. This gap in the population represents 3.2% annual population growth, while the estimated total fertility...
The activity of receptors in the human body depends on their type and the specificity of their functions. Receptors are located in the membranes of the cells and directly interact with ligands, bind with them, and stimulate the immune system responses. When the receptors bind with drugs, they respond in...
Introduction There is no doubt that sustainability and stability remain essential for the work of any organization as they define its success. The importance of sustainability seems to increase when it comes to healthcare because patient outcomes heavily depend on the quality of service. The General Meaning of the Concept...
There are various measures of association applicable for this kind of study. With weighted reasons and definite conclusions drawn, an epidemiological measure of association is the suitable method. Various aspects of the epidemiological measure of association make it more appropriate for this study (Stewart, 2007). This is because, in this...
Question one Strength of association According to Hill, “a strong association is more likely to have a causal component than is a modest association” (HÖfler, 2005). “Hill illustrated this point with the high-risk ratios for the association between exposure levels of smoking and incidents of lung cancer” (HÖfler, 2005). Rothman...
Introduction In this paper, a chronological historic review of the evolution of healthcare will be discussed. The paper will outline the development of healthcare policies that led to the current healthcare insurance policies. This essay seeks to show the evolution of healthcare insurance cover from the 1960s to date. Several...
Introduction The field of chronic pain management is growing rapidly due to the high prevalence of chronic pain in different populations across the world. In the United States, approximately 40-50 percent of adults experience chronic pain. This trend is worrying, hence the need for the development of the field of...
Local and federal departments monitoring infectious diseases Infectious diseases pose serious threats in the modern world. Although it was previously thought that the diseases had been eliminated, new infectious diseases have emerged over the recent decade. Amongst the emergent infectious diseases are the West Nile virus and SARS. In order...
Summary Alzheimer’s disease has been notoriously known for producing devastating effects on the lives of elderly people. According to the local epidemiological data on Alzheimer’s disease, around 130,000 Georgian citizens suffer from the disorder (Georgia Department of Public Health, 2020). Given the severe consequences of Alzheimer’s, particularly, the rapid deterioration...
Introduction The systematic review 1 thoroughly answers only one research question out of two ones that were considered. In particular, the evidence available to indicate the efficiency of the use of dressings in hospital-acquired pressure ulcer prevention was critically appraised. However, the researchers could not find adequate evidence to determine...
The US pharmaceutical market has been consistently proclaimed the most profitable source of the country’s internal revenue. With multimillion pharmaceutical corporations manipulating the decision-making process on the legislative level, the government faces extensive criticism in terms of its drug-related policies. The movie’s main idea is to expose the impact of...
One of the most aggressive types of influenza viruses caused Spanish flu. It differed from other infections by its ability to destroy human organs in no time, and the post-war world was not ready for such an epidemic. In the case of Spanish flu, there were several reasons why it...
Introduction Many important factors influence the quality of nursing practice and cooperation between patients and nurses. A number of financial aspects remain poorly explained to the participants, and the government, as well as professional organizations, is involved in the discussion of various issues. The American Nurses Association focuses on the...
Introduction Healthcare is a major priority for individuals, governments, and non-governmental institutions. The productivity of a nation depends on the health of its citizens. Further, mortality rates are directly influenced by the level of health in society. As such, healthcare has been rapidly expanding to accommodate the growing health needs...
Introduction The skin is the primary defense for the human body (Bluestein & Javaheri, 2008). Once this defense is breached, a person is open to a wide range of pathogens, some which were previously normal flora turning pathogenic. Therefore, at any one point, measures should be taken to enhance the...
Abstract The expansion of the health care sector is critical for the natural environment due to the specificities of materials used for providing medical care. Hospitals face the challenge of increased expenses and seek ways to reduce both costs and the negative impact on the natural environment. Moreover, most hospitals’...
Healthcare is a complex economic system that balances in an unpredictable and rapidly changing external environment, and the harsh climate complicates healthcare management practices. In order to maintain a balance, it is necessary to adapt to the circumstances through innovative activities, in particular, by applying innovative human resource management. HR...
Introduction It has to be stated that the research design of both studies allows for answering the research question. In particular, the conduction of semi-structured interviews with the nursing staff allowed for learning nurses’ perceptions of a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle (Roberts et al., 2016). Also, interviewing patients who...
Abstract Patients in the ICU setting face a range of threats. Being extraordinarily vulnerable, they may fail to recover in case of another health problem development. Acute Hemorrhagic Shock (AHS) is one of the conditions that may lead to a rapid and uncontrollable increase in the number of lethal outcomes...
One of important daily matters for every person is the care for one’s health. People strive a lot in order to improve it; however, this is closely connected to material matters as good health is impossible without due financial supply. Nowadays the world is built like this – money matters...
Two different projects were offered for the analysis. Both relate to saving lives and enhancing people’s overall health and welfare. Ethics are an integral part of decision-making; consequently, any resolute decision can mean a great deal of liability. A decision thus requires a rational approach, where a responsible person is...
A human being is exposed to various harmful influences has many bad habits. Some of them are caused by the objective conditions and some emerge solely because of person’s choice. Smoking nowadays is one of the most destructive habits that claims millions of lives every year. Tobacco exerts a deadly...
Overview The described scholarly activity is concerned with designing, implementing, and evaluating a patient experience initiative in the hospital. The project is based on the results of the HCAHPS scores and domains. The initiative focuses on three primary issues that the facility has to reform. The first one is the...
Introduction: The Recovery Concept and Its Origins The Mental Health Commission defines recovery as “the ability to live well in the presence or absence of one’s mental illness” (O’Hagan, 2001, p. 1). People with mental illnesses have different definitions and views on what it means to live well. The definitions...
The achievements in the field of healthcare and medicine cannot be ignored. Many helpful discoveries are being made to advance the possibility of treating such serious health problems and genetic disorders as Down’s syndrome, Huntington’s disease, and diabetes. Representatives of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) aim to ensure...
Issue Identification Nursing Schools and Regulation Concerns The process of managing staff-related issues while opening and closing nursing schools, as well as handling problems associated with student debt, providing relevant information to students, and more, are admittedly complex since they require a perfect understanding of how a nursing school is...
Background and Context Coronary perfusion is one of the important objectives in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) studies. When interventions to reduce coronary perfusion fail, there are instances of myocardial infarcts, cardiogenic shock, ventricular arrhythmias, and cardiac failure leading to death (Ma et al. 2015). The goal of reperfusion therapy...
Practice Issue According to the National Institute of Mental Health, bipolar disorder mostly occurs in adulthood; however, children can be affected, too (“Bipolar disorder,” 2016). The disorder was previously known as manic-depressive illness; it is characterized by shifts in mood and emotional condition: people with bipolar disorder experience elated energized...
Introduction Sickle cell anemia (SCD) is an “autosomal recessive inherited hemoglobinopathy” that causes vaso-occlusive crises and hemolysis due to an abnormal substitution of amino and glutamic acids on the β-globin chain (Keikhaei, Yousefi, & Bahadoram, 2016, p. 252). Nowadays, hydroxyurea (HU) remains the only method that helps alleviate the symptoms...
Introduction American society like any other industrialized country has to face major public health issues. Such diseases as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes are regarded as some of the primary areas of concern. Obesity is one of the major issues to address as over two in three adult Americans are obese...
Introduction Healthcare practitioners increasingly acknowledge the need to make patient-centered care (PCC) a part of their everyday clinical practice. A growing recognition to embrace PCC as a core of new models of care delivery is also evident among governments, international healthcare organizations, and lobby groups (Kitson, Marshall, Bassett, & Zeitz,...
Introduction Emerging infectious diseases represent a group of conditions for which the outbreak was reported during the past twenty years, and there is a risk of spreading these diseases in the future. One of such infectious diseases is avian influenza (“bird flu”). The outbreak of this disease among humans was...
Introduction Training opportunities are integral for nurses in all countries. Nurse knowledge and skills have to be constantly improved to provide patients with high-quality clinical care. This research proposal aims at developing a plan for a future project about the peculiarities of e-learning platforms, their application in emergency triage in...
Introduction Interdisciplinary collaboration is a broad concept that is used in a variety of backgrounds, including nursing practice, social work, and the arts. Interdisciplinary collaboration is also important to leadership in healthcare, as interdisciplinary teams require insightful and creative leadership to function successfully. Despite the fact that the term refers...
Introduction As methods for analyzing concepts have proliferated in nursing, a critical method ological issue has arisen. Analytic techniques for examining conceptual meaning have incorporated varied strategies for advancing the concept under the rubric of concept analysis, concept development, and theory building. The authors argue that this evo lution has...
Primary Health Care vs. Biomedical Model Some of the key principles of the primary health care model (PHC) are equitable care distribution, community participation, and the utilization of appropriate technologies. The first aspect considers the economic and social aspects of healthcare, whereas the biomedical principle does not consider them at...
Introduction Holistic medicine also referred to as integrative medicine is an art of healing that addresses the mind-body and soul. The American healthcare system has evolved in such a manner that individuals are looking for alternatives to the conventional health model, i.e., the biomedical model. Integrative medicine is slowly becoming...
Introduction Health services comprise organizations and ancillary healthcare professionals who offer medical care to those who require it. These services are available to patients, families, and communities. This paper aims to compare and contrast some of the available health services. Types of Healthcare Services The various types of health care...
Introduction Yach, Hawkes, Gould, and Hofman, (2004) article states that “chronic diseases are the principal causes of death and disablement worldwide.” While the causes of chronic diseases depend on several factors or causes, individual adaptable behaviors perform significant functions in both risk and prevention. A high number of world inhabitants...
Introduction The use of evidence-based practice (EBP) has gained great popularity in healthcare facilities in general and in laboratory settings in particular. Having a variety of examples supported by evidence allows medical workers to make better decisions concerning the patients’ health and solve medical cases more efficiently (1). In laboratories,...
Introduction Home health care constitutes a variety of social and health services that are offered to patients in the comfort of their homes. Medicare covers some of these services. This paper aims to examine the use of Medicare in covering home health care services. Medicare Portion Covering Home Health Care...
Introduction Organ transplantation is a rather delicate topic, and the state policy regulating the laws of this field of medicine is usually guided not only by legal but also moral principles. Altruism has always been considered one of the key aspects in this sphere as giving an organ to another...
Introduction There is no doubt that now everyone has a full access to various resources about medical problems and their possible decisions. As a result, patient’s awareness of etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and especially side effects has increased dramatically last decades. Actually nowadays, it is quite typical when a doctor orders...
Introduction Nursing implies the provision of treatment and care services for people; thus, nurses need to understand all the processes and medical nuances to choose the most appropriate means for fast curing. Medicine also needs constant improvement in providing the most effective services and saving people’s life. Qualitative researches are...
Introduction The healthcare environment is subject to numerous changes in terms of the prevalent medical conditions and the dynamics related to these problems. Subsequently, the leadership of a healthcare facility has to exhibit competence in improving the quality of services offered to their clients and establishing sustainable strategies for change...
Introduction and Background Information Attraction is a key factor in any business or social relationship. This accrues from the notion pegged to attractiveness and persuasion. Although numerous researches undertaken posit that attractive presenters seem to be more persuasive as opposed to unattractive or un-pictured presenters, the question on the impact...
Research Question In End-Stage Renal Disease, the kidneys remove a large amount of water and waste than required from the body. In the U.S., the majority of the ESRD victims are high blood pressure and diabetes patients. These two diseases greatly lead to kidney failure in the end. Pathology is...
Introduction The term health care disparity has been defined by many people in different ways, but all of the definitions given are still directed towards the same ideal that, health disparity refers to a group’s specific variation in the presence of disease, health results, the quality of health service received...
The evaluation of the use of capnography during resuscitation among patients of a coronary care unit (CCU) may be developed in a variety of ways, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies. Pantazopoulos et al. (2015) define capnography as a method to measure the level of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and...
Health care informatics is one of the aspects a qualified nurse should consider in working toward evidence-based practice and quality improvement (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2006). The American Medical Informatics Association (n.d.) defines nursing informatics as the “science and practice (that) integrates nursing, its information, and knowledge, with...
The quality of patient care and its outcomes in the system of healthcare depends on the application of evidence. There exist diverse possibilities to implement evidence in health care. It can positively influence both health care delivery and the health of the population (Titler, 2014). There is a need for...
Introduction The medical practice management body of knowledge (BOK) in question aims to elaborate in detail the role of the medical practice administrator, and the knowledge and skills they need to possess to be able to effectively handle their responsibilities (The American College of Medical Practice Executives [ACMPE], 2003). This...
Pain Several barriers interfere with pain assessment and treatment in the elderly, with one of them being impaired cognitive functioning. Elders with dementia are sometimes unable to make their needs heard; therefore, it is the responsibility of the nurse to be observant of subtle clues. The elderly male patient in...
For this course, I chose to work with children with asthma in Philadelphia. This condition is more severe for children than for adults due to their smaller airways that make symptoms have stronger effects. According to the data provided by Healthy People 2020 (“Respiratory Diseases”, n.d.), 130 in 10000 children...
Introduction The main idea underpinning epidemiologic studies is that diseases do not occur randomly but always in accordance with certain factors and conditions. According to the representatives of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018), epidemiology is “the method used to find the causes of health outcomes and diseases...
In reviewing the Affordable Care Act, what are the potential effects of the options for insurance coverage in both the private and public sectors? How will this impact the discussion about population-based nursing? The Affordable Care Act has provided new opportunities for addressing some of the most contentious public health...
Abstract Prejudice is a pre-conceived and stereotype attitude of social rejection towards certain groups of people in the society. Prejudice is a serious issue when relating to health matters. It makes people to discriminate others basing on their health condition. Human beings tend to associate some physical anomalies with a...
Stress continues to be a persistent issue that might lead to some serious problems. It plays a significant role in the development of physical and mental illnesses, and it can also lead to alcohol or drug abuse. People are especially vulnerable to high stress levels in the workplace environment, and...
Introduction The population in the U.S. and world is rapidly aging. Globally, for ten years from 1990 to 2010, the number of people aged 60 and more grew from 487 to 754 million (Prince et al., 2015). The trend is concerning, to say the least, and the issues that it...
Public health is one among the key factors for any country to attain economic growth (PAHO and WHO 2001). Most of the developing countries are victims of poverty as a result of poor public health. Such countries have a high cost on medical bills and are in shortage of human...
Week 1: 8/30-9/5 The first week of applying the newly acquired skills to practice was admittedly the most difficult one due to the amount of information that I had to process and the range of issues that had to be addressed. It was clearly the most informative stage of my...
Introduction Healthcare organizations are complex systems that are continually developing and changing to ensure high-quality care, an advanced level of patient safety, and ongoing improvements in patient outcomes (Mennella & Woten, 2015; Weaver & Manzano, 2016). One of the major concerns that are relevant to patient safety in various settings...
Introduction The present paper is devoted to the investigation of the advanced nursing practice (ANP) leadership from the perspective of the ethic of care (EC). The paper includes a discussion of EC, which is structured to demonstrate its difference from the ethic of justice (EJ). This comparison allows pinpointing the...
Introduction The need for cost-effective care is increasing as total healthcare expenditures grow. Healthcare providers are challenged with evaluating scientific evidence to inform a practice change aimed at improving patient outcomes. Being a costly yet mostly preventable complication, hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (hapus) cause much suffering to patients in acute care...
Week 1 The goal during the first week of the course was to investigate the strategies to ensure quality and safety in health care. One of the primary objectives was to critique and propose the best quality measures to improve patient safety. Here, it was vital for me to employ...
Introduction The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus creates new risks for patients that involve all spheres of people’s lives. Apart from causing the need for continuous medical assessment of one’s glucose levels, this condition also leads to several other complications. One of the most widespread issues that follow diabetes mellitus is...
Neurology Brain and Nervous System There have been ongoing arguments about the cause of the bipolar disorder as a mental illness. Some individuals blamed personality and nurture (environment) and view mental illness such as bipolar disorder only as a consequence of poor parenting, negative thinking, or overemotional reactions. Genetics and...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic ailment affecting children, adolescents and adults. Recent studies conducted in America indicate that type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most predominant form of the disease, while type 2 diabetes is increasingly being recorded among the youth of racial/ethnic minority groups...
Curanderismo has been documented as a form of physical therapy that has capacity to manage diseases (Luna, pp.326-42) falling under various categories for instance physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and supernatural. Literature on curanderismo (Luz, 2005, pp.146-8; Avila & Parker, pp.34-9) claims diseases arise from traumatic event or accumulation of trauma...
Introduction As technology advances, the health care centers have diverted to using computers in diagnosing various diseases. The use of information systems has grown significantly in the last couple of years though its development dates back to the early 1960s. This has been enabled by the current technological advancement. It...
Week 1: 10/25-10/31 As a DNP, being aware of the key roles that are relevant and are typically assigned to one is essential. Therefore, starting the implementation of the succession plan with setting priorities in line was critical to my further success. Indeed, by arranging the key objectives and determining...
Abstract Background/Purpose Different researchers have studied pulpal calcifications and their connection with cardiovascular and systematic diseases. The study aims to test the prevalence of pulp stones in dental patients and determine the link between pulp stones and systemic diseases. Materials and methods One thousand and thirty patients from the Riyadh...
The title of the present study is “Smoked Marijuana for HIV-Associated Anorexia and Wasting”. It is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the effect of smoking marijuana on the appetite of HIV patients, conducted in an inpatient setting. The primary objective of the study is “To evaluate the safety and...
Introduction This essay aims to critically review the ten selected primary research articles. Studies were collected based on their ability to answer the research question. Therefore, their appraisal will be based on multiple inquiries relating to the topic. First of all, the collected information will be examined to show the...
Introduction Lyme disease is an “infectious disease caused by three species of Borrelia. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is the main cause of Lyme disease in the US, Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii” are responsible for most European cases of Lyme disease (Higgins, 2004). Lyme is one of the most prevalent...
Literature Review In the CCU setting, patients are especially vulnerable due to the vastly negative effects that specific external factors may have on their health status. The changes in end-tidal (ET) CO2 levels are particularly important to determine since they allow improving the opportunity for performing the return to spontaneous...
Introduction The promotion of safety for patients is one of the primary goals for clinicians and medical workers. It reflects specific values and norms of communication, as well as error management and transparency (Weaver, Marsteller, Wu, Ismail, & Pronovost, 2017). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality offers a variety...
Introduction The process of resuscitation to encourage the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) requires constant supervision in the setting of a Coronary Care Unit (CCU). Therefore, it is critical to study the opportunities that capnography provides for detecting the threat of heart failure and facilitating a successful. For this purpose,...
Introduction There are many ways to advance the knowledge about intestinal disorders in people of different ages, and communication among different healthcare professionals and researchers remains one of the most effective methods. Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of colon cancer were developed by the American Society of Colon and...
Introduction In the environment of a coronary care unit (CCU), maintaining a focus on creating a sustainable environment for patients, noting signs that indicate change, and introducing immediate measures in the case of any worsening of a patient’s condition are all important. The issue under discussion is especially critical when...
The creation of healthcare policies hinges on a careful analysis of crucial external factors defining the development of health issues within communities. Health policies appear as a response toward the issues faced by community members and, thus, need to address root causes of the problems that affect the well-being of...
Introduction The books by Corey (2016) and Yalom and Leszcz (2005) are dedicated to the topic of group therapy, including its theory and practice; they share similar titles. However, the authors do not agree on everything, and their positions differ when discussing “difficult” or “problem” clients. The present paper will...
Introduction The process of designing and implementing a quality improvement (QI) program in a nursing home requires significant effort from all involved specialists. Apart from financial needs that follow every QI initiative, members that want to enact change in an organization have to consider the theoretical framework behind their program’s...
Introduction Sustainability in health care and nursing is an integral concept that defines the quality of care, directions of possible development, and appropriate changes. The relationships between quality outcomes, safety measures, and nursing science are close enough, so they determine the work of different facilities, including people, programs, and protocols....
Introduction The necessity to measure and assess the levels of glucose in patients is one of the key challenges that diabetes represents. Due to the need to respond to changes in a patient’s glucose levels rapidly to prevent the adverse effects caused by insulin loss from taking place (Kunttu, 2017)....
Introduction Today, much attention is paid to the development and improvement of nursing science due to its initial goal of promoting high-level patient-centered care. Nurses have to demonstrate their knowledge and make sure to apply different theories and frameworks in practice. Nursing theory is based on a group of interrelated...
Population and Sampling Veterans of military service, especially those with a history of deployment in combat-intensive areas of operations, are considered a vulnerable population in a variety of ways. Failure to readjust back into civil society, memories of violence and death-related experiences, survivor’s guilt, and various other psychological stressors often...
Introduction Problem Statement The wide spread of diabetes is noted worldwide, especially in the United States. The Hispanic population living in Miami-Dade County is twice more prone to developing diabetes compared to other ethnicities (Kenya et al., 2015). Since the symptoms and consequences of the mentioned disease are rather critical...
Social Inequality at School Each student enters an educational institution for a reason. Be it career, pleasure, new skills, or new acquaintances. In either scenario, students have to understand that in a few years, their education will be finished and there would come a time to plan everything anew. Therefore,...
Introduction In any organization, recruiting and retaining the right staff are the major issues facing the organization’s policymakers (Cosack 1). With the currently registered nurse shortages, concerns about nurse turnover and retention have heightened. To solve these challenges, health care organizations aim at improving their nurse retention. In so doing,...
Introduction Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are a modern health care technology that is employed to help users with clinical decisions (Musen, Middleton, & Greenes, 2014). CDSS design requires the consideration of human factors, and their adoption and usability are highly dependent on the development of an appropriate interface (Miller...
Executive Summary Home- and community-based services are becoming increasingly popular in the United States as effective and inexpensive ways of offering quality care to senior citizens. The statistics in this study show that the state of Michigan is underperforming in funding HCBS, spending only $0.72 per person in contrast to...
SimChart is an Electronic Healthcare Record (EHR) system that was developed to teach nurses to work with EHRs (Elsevier, 2013). The evaluation framework should take the specifics of SimChart into account. It is noteworthy that there appears to be a shortage of frameworks meant for EHR simulations; the present research...
The professionals in any occupation are exposed to a particular level of conflict inside the workplace. The tension and psychological oppression, or bullying from the side of managers or co-workers often become a reason for leaving the place of employment or the profession in general. When viewed from the perspective...
The history of nursing Nursing is the ability and science of supporting individuals in learning to care for them whenever possible and of caring for them when they are unable to meet their own needs. Nursing developed into a scientific profession from an unorganized way of caring for the ill,...
Every professional requires his or her knowledge to be up-to-date to stay competent, which cannot be truer in the sphere of nursing (Dyson, Hedgecock, Tomkins, & Cooke, 2009). Rapid changes and the constant arrival of new challenges in practice and theory dictate the need for continuous data refreshment and replenishment...
Introduction Aims of the Project The following purposes were formulated to be addressed during this capstone project: To evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine in the University of Maryland Medical Center as a mode of providing high-quality care with reference to the standard that is equally applied to all programs. To...
Introduction One of the most important and widely recognized public health issues is that of access to care (Perwira, 2014). In the field of oral and dental health, the persisting challenges of poor access to care can be found all around the world in developed, as well as developing countries....
Introduction Blood transfusion is a common approach used in the field of medicine especially in the treatment of chronic as well as acute illnesses such as anemia (1). Despite the significance of transfusion therapy, there are negative impacts associated with the practice such as pathophysiologies like incompatible transfusions and hemolytic...