Understanding the hierarchy of evidence in academic research allows evaluating their results more accurately and, therefore, apply research outcomes to clinical situations appropriately. In their respective studies, AbdelKader and Nassar (2019), Bai and Dai (2018), and Hollams et al. (2011) examine a similar issue of pulmonary issues in children, yet...
Introduction The interactive case study tells the story of Natalie Kazakova, a Russian immigrant who currently works in the ICU of a local community hospital. Before graduating with a master’s degree in nursing, she obtained a bachelor’s in engineering in Russia. Natalie is new to the ICU team and, thus,...
Introduction Healthcare facilities face challenges in reevaluating their facilities’ transitional care practices to reduce the 30-day readmission rate. Notwithstanding the intensified focus on transitional care, researchers have conducted few studies to show a recommendable reduction in readmission rates, especially with patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction (MI). Patients’ transition increases...
Introduction The role of advanced practice nurse (APN) has considerably enhanced lately due to the intense, challenging climate caused by the worldwide pandemic. Nurses present the unexploited potential for serving people and helping society live healthier lives. With this said, it is a fundamental task for nurses to take on...
Health promotion programs are designed to empower individuals towards adopting behaviors that would help them avoid the risk of acquiring chronic illnesses. These health promotion programs also aim to change individuals and communities via delivering information addressing how to amend unhealthy health attitudes and practices. A review of research is...
Introduction The delivery of medical care in hospital settings plays a critical role in treating and recovering patients. Medical practitioners have come up with numerous theories to explain their activities and guide their practice in the provision of healthcare services to patients in various settings. Nursing theorists have made notable...
Epidemiology is mainly concerned with the study of health-related issues in specified populations. As a result, its aim lies in understanding the reasons why some diseases occur at a particular time or location. Friis and Sellers (2021) state that “the key aspects of this definition are determinants, distribution, population, and...
The nurse’s primary role is the improvement of the patient’s health, well-being, and satisfaction via the use of appropriate care options and a patient-centered approach to decision-making. Nurses need to know about current traditional and alternative treatments and become involved in healthcare innovations and reforms (Laureate Education, 2009). Palliative care...
American Cancer Society (ACS) is a non-profit organization focused on cancer eradication. ACS was established in 1913 by ten physicians and five businesspeople in New York that initially was called the American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC) (American Cancer Society, 2019). This organization was formed at a time...
Introduction The completed Part I identified Elmhurst as one of the neighborhoods in New York State County facing various medical challenges. The section identified various health issues that most of the citizens encountered, such as childhood obesity, diabetes, and preterm births. Proper intervention plans are appropriate to address these issues...
Horner’s syndrome develops when the sympathetic pathway of the cervical spine, emanating from the hypothalamus to the eye, is affected. It manifests itself in the area of the eyes with damage to the muscle tissue joints of the body and the eyeballs. The disease was discovered by Dr. Horner, but...
Introduction Hyperglycemia is quite common in people with diabetes. It usually starts when there is an increased sugar level in the blood. Hyperglycemia comes in two forms namely fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. Its presence can cause severe damage to the nerve system. Moreover, it can cause damage to blood vessels...
Introduction Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an approach to therapy that is especially focused on outcomes, problem-solving, and the use of evidence-based solutions. The present paper is dedicated to an in-depth study of CBT as applied to groups. Here, the key concepts of CBT, as well as its strengths and limitations,...
In the documentary Sico, Michael Moore makes four major claims regarding the existing health system of the USA. First of all, it is the low effectiveness of the approach, regardless of high spending or attention devoted to it; second, Moore states that National Health Service (NHS) would be more effective...
Introduction Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is among the therapy approaches that can be applied to group work. Due to its focus on the procedures that are supported by evidence, CBT has been covered by research articles rather extensively. In this paper, a definition of CBT will be presented, and an overview...
Background The postoperative complications of abdominal surgeries present a critical risk to patients’ health. The most invasive operations, such as cystectomy, colorectal and gynecological procedures, and gastrointestinal surgeries, are associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. In particular, Tevis and Kennedy (2016) found that after colorectal surgeries, mortality could reach...
Problem Description Long-term care (LTC) in the United States (U.S.) is one of the growing areas of healthcare that requires the focused attention of policymakers, care providers, and patients. LTC facilities provide quality care and offer necessary medical and psychological assistance to those with chronic diseases and the inability to...
Introduction Continuous quality improvement is a concept that healthcare organizations should pursue in order to meet the changing demands of their patients. The selected institution has decided to create a dashboard to display various measures each month. Such items are necessary since they will give a clear picture of the...
This white paper explores the use of information technology for quality improvement in the primary health care setting. Accustomed to addressing the needs of the health industry, which is the audience for this paper, we developed the findings from a targeted review of published reports and expert analysis. Comprehensively, we...
Description of the delirium and depressive disorders as factor complicating a diagnosis Acute organic brain syndrome or the acute confusional state, otherwise known as delirium is neurocognitive impairment is commonly linked to physical illnesses in elderly people. There is a number of complications associated with the diagnosis of elderly patients,...
Mental Health vs. Mental Illness Conceptualization It needs to be said that the way mental health and mental illness are perceived has changed over the years, and a broad range of concepts has been developed. For example, such concept as “brain disease” is particularly interesting because it suggests that most...
Legislations Touching on Healthcare Communication of Policy and Procedures The changes envisioned at North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust are likely to affect the communication system in place. For example, the director is required to come up with an open door policy in the process of monitoring whether or not...
Problem Statement Individuals at risk of poor health and healthcare disparities are normally regarded as being vulnerable. For homeless persons and other socially marginalized populations, an effective healthcare system is always not within their reach. Moreover, other social determinants of health, such as income, housing, and social support are often...
Introduction The article “Self-neglect and cognitive function among community-dwelling older persons” by Dong, Wilson, Mendes de Leon, and Evans (2010) reports an epidemiological study of associations of self-neglect among the elderly population to a number of factors. To test these associations, a number of linear regressions were conducted. While the...
Overview of the Public Health Initiative The HIV care continuum is a public health initiative introduced by President Barrack Obama in 2013 to improve America’s HIV/AIDS fight. The HIV Care Continuum has only four distinct stages that include HIV testing and diagnosis, getting and staying in medical care, getting on...
Modern researchers tend to put a particular emphasis on the role of spirituality and religious beliefs in health assessment. Thus, numerous studies are carried out to evaluate the strength of the relevant interconnection and define the outcomes it might potentially imply for clinical decision-making. The paper at hand is, therefore,...
Medication Errors The issue of interest was a case of medication error in the medical ward. This case involved a wrongful administration of a high dose of morphine for pain control. The nurse in question administered 10mg of morphine instead of the prescribed 5mg per oral morphine. This error occurred...
Currently, the healthcare system primarily uses two reimbursement methods: fee-for-service and pay-for-performance. The two are not mutually exclusive, and each affects the revenue cycle in a distinct manner. Moreover, recent developments, such as the expansion of Medicare and the introduction of various new systems and requirements for hospitals, have further...
Introduction Nurses normally use care delivery models to assess, plan, and undertake patient care within a framework that promotes quality and satisfaction at a reduced cost. However, in the recent past, health human resources shortage, limited budget, and safety and quality issues have resulted in the development of more suitable...
Introduction A preliminary Care Coordination Plan is a vital part of treatment, as it ensures the appropriate integration of services into the process and effective interactions between care professionals and their patients. The purpose of care coordination is to maintain the mentioned constituents’ correct functioning, intended to facilitate the recovery...
Concepts of Nursing Theory Diverse concepts constitute the Nursing theory. Oscillate between person, environment, and health. (Hickman, 2019). Holistic patient care to enhance well-being. Enhance the resolution of symptoms. Improves patient’s quality of life. Several concepts ranging from a person, and environment to the health of individuals constitute the nursing...
Introduction The primary purpose of this research is to study the physical activities among university students and establish the relationships between biological activities, academic success, and physical fitness at the University of California. Although several studies have attempted to establish the relationship between physical activities among university students, they have...
Work-School Balance activity Top Three Priorities in Life My three priorities in life are family, health, and progress. The family is the closest people throughout their lives, so I always try to devote as much time as possible. I have been interested in maintaining health since adolescence; therefore, I chose...
Introduction COVID-19 has arguably been the pandemic of the century, with millions of death recorded so far and many other causalities still being reported to date since its novel emergence in China in 2019. However, efforts by scientists have gradually brought the condition under control through their identification of vaccines...
When dealing with databases containing health information about patients treated in a certain facility, the question of data quality is inevitable. The need for the data to meet the set requirements is primarily caused by the fact that the health information generally consists of immerse chalks of sensitive information. Thus,...
Introduction Budgeting can be defined as the allocation of resources to different sectors in an organization to improve productivity. Since the health industry is a broad scope comprising private and public sectors, the government is involved in the allocation and formulating of the budgetary protocols to be followed. The government...
Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) tends to affect both adults and children. It impacts millions of people globally and is mainly caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. CAP is acquired outside healthcare facilities and has an adverse effect on the lungs. It is advisable to take preventive measures and consult a...
Introduction In the analyzed case study, a college student, Jasmine Mack, and her mother, Jocelyn Mack, came to an appointment at the mental health center. The girl is 18 years old, and she seems to have a psychotic disorder. The initial interview helps the mental health specialist to assign a...
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is a federal organization that is responsible for providing Americans with health coverage and analyzing the quality of care medical facilities. One of the statements supported by the CMS is that inpatient admission prevention should improve the quality of care. Inpatient and...
Introduction Hospital settings are known to have complex care actions, which can lead to confusion and medical errors. For instance, patients admitted for delivery may be transferred to the surgery department for a cesarean. Patients are transferred between numerous units, which might increase the chances of medical errors (Ting et...
The perception of being Black is a problem in itself, and it becomes aggravated when one is deemed to have a mental condition. It begins with organizational culture in the context of the policies and protocols in place. The doctors have a misguided conception about being Black and, as a...
The water and electrolyte balance of the body is influenced by three hormones: antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). They are responsible for the different processes in regulation, and one of the hormones’ removal can affect the whole system. To start, the antidiuretic hormone’s (ADH) primary role...
Mental health illness is a reality in many children’s lives, especially those in foster care. There are several ways of treating mental illness, with one of them being the administration of psychotropic medications. When appropriately used, medication can relieve the debilitating symptoms. In this case, Tasha is unresponsive to the...
Physical examination The components of the physical examination include the following: Palpation: this refers to a situation where the examiner locates something in the body by feeling it with bare hands. Percussion: Involves the act of gently tapping the body to assess any sign of ailments. Inspection: this is the...
The contentious issue is whether to put Jennie on a feeding machine or not. Jennie is a 76-year-old patient with hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. She is a mother to Mary. Jennie is incapable of caring for herself because of her health status. Mary took her to St Francis nursing center...
The health and safety of practicing nurses is an issue that is less talked about but it is still a major problem for Licensed Practical Nurses (Funnell, 2008). Occupational health and safety risks have increasingly gone high because many governments and healthcare organizations have done very little in addressing the...
Introduction Most patients consider the issue of informed consent as a broken promise in healthcare provisions. Informed consent covers all pieces of information the physician should allow the patient to know, alternatives, and pros and cons of such options, and then the physician should go with the patient’s option. This...
Introduction Over the last decades, converging pressures in nursing care, including cost-containment policies, mounting healthcare demands, and shortages in the supply of nursing professionals to deliver care, have fuelled the search for novel models of nursing care delivery that optimizes the utilization of available nursing resources while guaranteeing safe, high-quality...
Before defining the characteristics of research theories and models employed in health intervention, it should be stressed that health exploration is a discovery process based on the public venture. In this respect, all the assumptions and findings of the research will have a direct influence on society. In order to...
To win the confidence and trust of customers, it is important for an organization to assure them that it can address their needs in an efficient manner. In this case, an organization should notify its customers about the measures that it wishes to adopt in order to handle their needs...
Project Overview This project proposal is about research to study the effects of incorporating calcium and dairy products in diets of preschool children on body weight regulation. The project will identify 111 preschool children, who are obese, from a pediatric unit of various hospitals in Wisconsin, and my colleagues and...
Introduction Fredericson and Wolf (2005) state that the Iliotibial band syndrome is one of the major principal causes of pain experienced by athletes in the knees. According to the authors, the Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) occurs when the lateral femoral epicondyle and the Iliotibial band (ITB) slide against each other....
One of the major health complications in newborns today is their inability to maintain a stable internal environment within their body ‘Homeostasis’. With the increase in such cases among millions of babies born on a global scale, efforts to find remedies to mitigate the issue are paramount. Nonetheless, this poses...
Euthanasia is an ethically doubtful issue as one never knows whether his/her actions devoted to saving a life of a person are going to be effective or not. For example, considering two cases where people were dramatically injured in tragic events, one of them was left alive and another one...
Introduction Diabetes remains one of the major chronic conditions affecting many people in the globe. Statistics show that “over 29 million American citizens have diabetes” (Healthy People 2020, 2015, para. 3). This number is expected to rise in the coming years. A powerful healthcare plan will empower more people in...
Abstract As a psychological disorder, manic and depressive episodes occur intermittently among patients with bipolar disorder. Epidemiology shows bipolar mainly affect adults, and the global prevalence rate is 2.4% while the prevalence rates of the United States and South America are 4.4% and 2.3% respectively. Major causes of the disorder...
Introduction Health care providers are constantly in contact with people from diverse communities and religions. In fact the provision of health care demands that providers interact with individuals from diverse backgrounds with varying spiritual and religious beliefs. The beliefs affect the provision of health to these patients (Cadge & Bandini,...
Healing Hospital Traditionally, health institutions utilized the cure model in the provision of care. This model focused on disease eradication in patients with minimal consideration of their social and religious values (Berger, 2015). Hospitals and other health institutions currently focus on the healing hospital paradigm that focuses on the physical...
Introduction In recent years, the incidences of ulcerative colitis and Chron’s disease have increased substantially in the developed and the developing world as more and more people continue to be diagnosed with the chronic, disabling conditions (da Silva et al., 2015; Reid, Chivers, Plummer, & Gibron, 2010). These conditions, which...
This paper discusses the research components of some of the articles selected. The first article discussed is the research article by Dinkel and Schmidt (2014) on the ‘Health education needs of incarcerated women.’ The sample selected was in the form of two groups of women housed in maximum or medium...
Nurse as a Cultural Broker Aside from taking care of sick patients, a nurse has several roles in the community. One of the roles that are evident from the videos is that a nurse is also a cultural broker. In one of these articles, the practice of female genital mutilation...
The researchers outlined an appropriate strategy to ensure the sources used to complete the study were valid. To begin with, 8 of the selected 2689 articles fulfilled the targeted requirements. Such articles presented powerful findings on the outcome of indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) placement. The 8 sources identified “the impact...
Diagnosis Overview Illness anxiety disorder, or hypochondriasis, is a disorder characterized by excessive worry over being ill or becoming chronically sick. A person may have no specific symptoms or signs of an illness and still fear being ill. The concerns about the individual’s health are seen as seriously dangerous or...
Diabetes is among major health issues that need quality healthcare and intervention to sustain and overcome. The researchers have shown dedication to taking care of diabetic patients, identifying the best ways to overcome the latter’s health issues. Nurses can found essential insights in “Evaluation of Nurses’ Knowledge Levels of Diabetic...
Menopause occurs when woman completes a year without experiencing a menstrual cycle. According to Wu et al. (2019) the “average age for menopause in the United States is 51” (p. 70). Therefore, this discussion aims to research the topic of menopause by addressing issues related to perimenopause, surgical menopause, stress...
Hand washing refers to the act of cleansing one’s hands using soap or similar substances and water to eliminate pathogens. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that the whole process should be conducted for at least 20 seconds before and after certain activities (as cited in Paul, 2020). These include...
Current Diagnosis-Dehydration Dehydration is a medical condition that results from an imbalance between the available amount of water in the body and the physiological need for water (Hoffman et al., 2018). Water is crucial in many body processes as it is a primary component in almost all body biomolecules. Without...
According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, telehealth is defined as telecommunication to link a care provider and a patient (Alexander et al., 2020). The e-visits may include remote patient evaluation, brief check-ups, and other services, which are used to protect and make the lives of older adults...
Each American state has its own Department of Public Health (DPH), which is responsible for maintaining and improving the citizens’ wellness. Georgian DPH is an institution aimed to prevent diseases and injuries, promote well-being at all levels, and design plans for disastrous situations. Georgia has both cancer and immunization registries...
Introduction Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a fundamental health problem that affects millions of patients, mainly in intensive care units. HAIs include central line blood infections, surgical site infections, and catheter urinary tract infections. Research statistics show that in the United States, approximately 1.7 million people are diagnosed with HAIs per...
The value of working with other healthcare professionals lies in the sharing of experiences of best practices that are only accessible to certain areas of practice. Some professionals are exposed to the emotional side of care while others to physical, and the exchange of experiences leads to the formulation of...
The liver is a crucial organ in the body with numerous functions. An unhealthy liver will manifest in an individual through specific signs and symptoms. A preliminary examination of a liver will inform the doctor to conduct further tests. A physician will ascertain a liver malfunction through a liver function...
Introduction Human decisions are influenced by socio-cultural and economic factors occurring in our daily lives. Determining ethical choices is considered a personal decision impacted by individual beliefs. This discussion aims to analyze the moral justifications of George’s decision for voluntary euthanasia (Grudem, 2020). The case study presented proves that he...
The first level in the five levels of learner evaluation is level 0 or needs assessment. It is a level of learner dissatisfaction and readiness to learn. The diabetic educator should begin the process of evaluation immediately after Allen is discharged from the hospital. This involves giving him information about...
Introduction During a clinical at a cardiac care unit, I interacted with patients and nurses in the unit. I noticed that some nurses were extremely calm and confident, while some others were anxious and worried, lacking confidence. While I was checking the vitals of my patient R, I noticed a...
Introduction As a professional nurse who has served patients for more than four decades, I am expected to have the required knowledge to offer to nurse students who tend to think that nursing is just an ordinary job to undertake. Nursing should be taken as a job that requires a...
Introduction According to Hu et al. (2010), diabetes affects close to 2.5 million Hispanic Americans (10.4%) compared to 6.6% of their non-Hispanic counterparts. The Hispanic population continues to grow in the U.S. with language barriers being an issue of concern in healthcare service delivery. On the other hand, Mohan et...
Extant literature demonstrates that a foremost challenge for community health practitioners in assisting people to recover from crises involves the setting up of deliverable goals (Maurer & Smith, 2009). The presented case scenario depicts a situation whereby the community nurse must develop a priority recovery goal to assist community members...
Available literature demonstrates that vulnerable and socially excluded persons, including the homeless, are exposed to more health issues and challenges than the general population, and hence require targeted health services to address these challenges (Maurer & Smith, 2009). Poverty, domestic violence, and lack of affordable housing are acknowledged as the...
Introduction In many communities around the world, culture is often viewed as the organizing framework within which notions of health and illness are defined and internalized by members using a set of beliefs, values and attitudes that are unique to these communities. It therefore follows that knowledge of the role...
Introduction Today, more than ever before, health care organizations need to adopt and implement culturally competent practices because healthcare workers are recruited from diverse cultural backgrounds, bringing into the organization a multiplicity of beliefs, value systems, religious orientations, demands and expectations (Pearson et al., 2007; Purnell, 2013). This paper discusses...
Introduction While language barriers are an ongoing concern in dealing with ethnic minorities in the United States, it has come to the attention of academics and practitioners that care providers must demonstrate the capacity to understand the culturally specific needs of minority clients and adjust their approach to care accordingly...
Introduction In the United States, teleradiology is considered an external service that provides medical image interpretation, as well as an integral part of radiology services, particularly for smaller establishments. As Johnson (2010) resorts, “teleradiology was one of the first successful and practical “telemedicine” initiatives” (p. 1052). Being originally implemented as...
Ms. Jackson Lee initiated the discussion of this bill on the floor of the House of Representatives on 3rd January 2013. Remarkably, the bill was to ensure that both the senate and the House of Representatives carry out an extensive research on this type of breast cancer (Full Text of...
Introduction The smile is a common expression used in the show of emotions when socially interacting (Neidenthal, Brauer, Halberstadt, and Innes-Ker, 853-864). There can be aestheticism in smiles, that is, association to occasions of joy in the emotional status of a person expressing a smile. However, on other occasions, a...
Introduction to the Study Background Over the last three decades, Oakland has recorded one of the highest rates of childhood mortalities and injuries resulting from automobile collisions. The heavy traffic in Oakland and the large population within most Oakland neighborhoods are two main factors that contribute to the problem. However,...
Introduction Health Information Systems are revolutionizing the way people access medical services. The information revolution brought about by the development of Information Technology in the last half of the twentieth century is responsible for this phenomenon. The advantages of Health Information Systems in medical services include the use of decision...
Over the years, there has been a gradual rise in cases of medical practitioners diverting narcotics in various hospitals. This trend will undoubtedly harm patients if no measures are taken to resolve the issue. Through the BSN Program, I have learnt that diversion of narcotic is the current narcotic diversion...
Introduction Chronic kidney disease is one of the serious health complications among the African American communities in the United States. As Peralta and Ronit (2011) report, the government of the United States has been concerned of this fact. Chronic kidney disease has been one of the leading causes of death...
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a common form of anxiety among victims that face various traumas in the society especially psychological trauma. Motor vehicle accidents are some of the most common sources of trauma in the society with many victims being affected and suffering from PTSD. Although false memory has been...
Unequal income distribution is a key driver of the United States of America’s high health care costs. Excessive income spending on investment in the healthcare sector plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the economy. The U.S has an unsustainable healthcare cost and growth patterns that are not...
Cuban-Americans are individuals who are born and raised in America and whose parents are of Cuban ancestry. In the United States of America, there are a number of Hispanic groups although Cuban-Americans form the third largest group (Purnell, 2013). Americans born of Cuban ancestry are however considered Native Americans especially...
Introduction The work explores the problem of cervical cancer as a critical threat to female health. According to the medical studies, the disease stems from the abnormal growth of cells on the cervix. The virus, which stimulates cervix cancer development, is called human papillomavirus (HPV). It is critical to identify...
Introduction Upon successful completion of Master’s in Nursing Education Program (MSN), nursing education specialization, and in the course of being a professional in the same specialty, learning has been a continuous process. It is attributed to the fact that Nursing is a dynamic discipline that requires learners and practitioners to...
Introduction “Core competencies are specific business abilities used to create a competitive advantage in the business environment. A competitive advantage is the ability to complete business functions, produce customer products or provide more value to consumers better than other companies” (Hawthorne, 2014, par. 4). Core Competencies of a Direct Care...
The Current Stage in the Clinical Nurse Leader’s Evolution Clinical nurse leaders (CNLs) are evolved generalists in nursing who have been educated to master’s level (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2013). Their role was invented recently by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing while paying attention to result-oriented...
The health care system should be improved to achieve the best results. Spreading of information concerning health care is considered to be an essential element that will minimize costs and will significantly improve the health care system. Many successful implementations of the IT technology in the health care system prove...
Introduction Nursing leaders must demonstrate a clear vision to encourage and develop people, enhance patient outcomes, and bring about innovative change in healthcare settings (Martin, McCormack, Fitzsimons, & Spirig, 2014). Leadership vision is pivotal in creating a nursing culture that underscores the importance of evidence-based practice (EBP) in ensuring excellent...
Introduction Ethical leadership is a concept that revolves around the attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors of individuals in the workplace. For instance, in healthcare settings, nurses are required to account for the services they offer to their patients. They need to have a proper understanding of the ethical leadership issues...
Healthcare organizations use a variety of methods to attract new hires. The advantage of job sculpting is that managers develop a specialized professional plan for each candidate. The plan will contain goals that coincide with a candidate’s interests. To deal with the shortage of nurses, healthcare organizations employ such strategies...
Abstract Country Walk is a peaceful and quiet community located in Miami-Dade County, Florida. This paper shows that diabetes is a major health problem in the area. Poor diet choices and a sedentary lifestyle have contributed to the upsurge of the health issue. The high number of Hispanics in the...
Abstract Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate approaches to analysis are appropriate for different researches. The current paper claims that multivariate analysis is appropriate when it is necessary to examine multi-variables (dependent and independent) to establish their link. Thus, it deals with data sets that have more than one variable. Otherwise, univariate...