Clinical Manifestations Mr. C exhibits several clinical manifestations that may raise a healthcare professional’s concern. He is obese (body mass index = 44.9), has a high cholesterol level, elevated blood pressure, abnormal respiratory rate, edema on his feet and ankles, pruritus, and sleep apnea. His fasting blood glucose amount (more...
The pre-operative period is the time the patient stays in the hospital from the time the diagnostic examination is completed, the diagnosis of the disease is made, and the decision to operate is made until the start of the operation. In addition to the primary activities related to the preparation...
Modern medicine has many and varied opportunities for development. A particular case is small medical organizations, which, thanks to the work of employees and state funding, are becoming more prominent and changing direction. This allows organizations to provide better medical services and treat more people. An example of such an...
The definition of health stated by the WHO: “health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being…” (1947), deals with only three primary aspects of health. However, specialists nowadays should consider many other aspects, such as spiritual, emotional, and even political ones. Health includes well-being in social, physical,...
The cost of health care in the contemporary world has increased drastically. The rise in the cost of health is because of the increase in the aging population as well as the developments in new treatments (Dickman, Himmelstein & Woolhandler 2017). Poor costing systems have serious consequences, especially when dealing...
Introduction Last decades people started to vaccinate themselves against different diseases. Some diseases are seldom in the United States because of immunization. It brings calmness and confidence to the people and makes frequent early illnesses as rare as possible. Humanity is interested in what vaccines do and starts to search...
Boyko, T. V., Longaker, M. T., & Yang, G. P. (2018). Review of the current management of pressure ulcers. Advances in wound care, 7(2), 57-67. The research work is a review of recent findings and helps the reader to choose the appropriate treatment by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of...
Introduction Physical injuries to any part of the body cause significant pain and discomfort to the patient. Such traumas often require drastic lifestyle changes to ensure the injured individuals recover quickly and do not sustain additional damage. However, these changes, specifically prolonged bed rest, can result in the development of...
Introduction Some people may frown upon it, while others might nod their heads with their whole-hearted smile on their faces – no matter which category you belong to, as a person, especially as a person who must live in a neighborhood, the quality of the neighborhood has always been an...
Introduction Afton Hospital has 50 employees. All staff are members of the same trade union and differ by type of employment and age. The report on the composition of personnel requires an assessment of the impact of labor legislation, as well as optimization of resources, taking into account the possible...
Introduction Working as a nurse is a highly demanding profession that requires flexibility, in-depth medical knowledge, and correctly assigning tasks. Communication is a crucial skill, as it helps to make correct diagnoses and create support for the patient. With its help, nurses communicate their goals and objectives to other medical...
Male circumcision (MC) is a controversial topic, which evokes many arguments for and against it. I believe that the procedure’s benefits outweigh its risks. First, according to Morris et al. (2019), most of the arguments against MC are not evidence-supported and contradict research findings. For instance, opposing arguments claiming that...
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a tremendously negative effect on public health worldwide. Despite the efforts taken to address the health concern in question, it has been affecting an increasingly large number of people (Choi et al., 2020). In their study, Liu et al. (2020) seek to prove whether there...
Contribution of Christian Values to the Nursing Practice Nurses play a vital role not only in the healthcare system but also in the communities they live and work in. In undertaking their duties, nurses are required to conduct themselves professionally and ethically. Ethical values such as compassion, diligence, patience, and,...
Executive Summary Spending on the health care industry represents a substantial portion of the US economy, mainly because of drug pricing issues. Numerous factors explain the presence of this adverse phenomenon and its effects. Thus, the problem is that high prices result in the fact that medical services become less...
Introduction Dentistry is one of the prosperous spheres in the health care, as teeth are the essential elements of the human body. Furthermore, nowadays, dental caries is one of the most prevalent issues, and this fact makes it one of the most important diseases, which requires intervention (Centers for Disease...
Soho, London, in August 1854, was struck with a chronic outbreak of an infectious disease known as cholera. It is a gastrointestinal disease triggered by a bacterium, Vibrio cholerae. It can also prevail in areas with poor sanitation and poor hygiene of water and food. Its symptoms include nausea, vomiting,...
This paper presents the examination of a policy statement (access to women’s health care) with the aim of clarifying the underlying health issue and proposed interventions to address it. As declared by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), this policy is significant at state and national levels since...
The strategic national stockpile (SNS) is a national supply of life-support medications and equipment used in disastrous situations. SNS’s mission is to provide vitally needed medical resources to a national emergency site while local public health resources are overloaded. Stockpiles usually contain 12-hour push packages which include bandages, antibiotics, airway...
The West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus spread by arthropods that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. Asymptomatic influenza, mild febrile syndrome (WNV fever), and neuroinvasive disease are the most common clinical syndromes (Mainali et al., 2011). When the SARS virus spread across the...
Scenario You are working in a community health clinic on a team that has an LPN, RN, and nurse practitioner. Your first client of the day is a tearful young woman who states that she has had a painful rash to her genital area for the past couple of days....
Introduction Efforts to maximize healthcare organizations’ ability to deliver high-quality services developed with reference to patient needs are critically important. Nowadays, multiple types of structures, including client-centered and organic ones, informal hierarchies, and social networks, are regarded as promising tools for care delivery improvement. The purpose of this paper is...
Introduction Managing and treating diabetes presuppose the increased attention to glycemic control as one of the major ways to preserve the desired states of patients and guarantee a high quality of life (Cowart, 2020). Most of the relevant medicines presuppose that post-meal sugar levels can be lowered by stimulating the...
Osteoporosis that means “porous bones,” is a medical disorder that leads to weakness of the skeleton or to the body’s inability to regenerate bones. Consequently, people, who suffer from this issue, are more amenable to fractures with ossa prone to break from falling or sneezing, depending on the extent of...
Introduction Ethics are essential in nursing to help nurses navigate through dilemmas and focus on patients’ positive outcomes. The medical field is complex with challenging decisions that compete with self, organizational, and patient interests. Nurses are patient advocates and must balance ethics and values to satisfy patient needs. Ethics helps...
Identification of the Issue and the Ethical Position The prescription of opiates by healthcare providers in the United States has recently become an issue. The painkiller abuse has led to around 500,000 emergency cases and hospital visits yearly (Bohnert et al., 2018). More than 10,000 Americans die annually due to...
The main problem that can be reported when nurses use social media is the violation of patients’ rights regarding privacy, anonymity, and confidentiality. If nurses use social media to publish different types of content and share the details of their nursing practice, there is a high risk that they will...
Situation Clinical nurses may undergo moral distress when they are in a dilemma between following a physician’s orders and trusting their clinical judgment. The physician continued to instruct the nurse to increase the dosage of morphine to a cancer patient experiencing severe pain. However, the nurse felt compelled not to...
Accreditation of health plans by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) requires their participation in the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) projects. The set of 76 HEDIS measures covers a range of health and customer service issues across five areas of practice and is employed by about...
Describing my background in social work training, it should be noted that I am a junior social worker at Vatsalya Adult Medical Day Care Center. This facility aims to provide the necessary care and treatment for the elderly. My responsibilities include admission, psychosocial Assessment, Mini-Mental Status Evaluation, care planning, and...
Problem Background Natural rubber latex or NRL allergy has profound impacts on professional dental facilities, and our organization is not an exception. Based on current research, due to prolonged exposure to NRL-containing supplies, dental professionals face tremendous risks of developing immediate and delayed skin and respiratory system reactions in the...
I interact with multiple individuals, including a few people that have psychological issues. Particularly, I know three people diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), and one of them has a dual diagnosis of MDD and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Both concerns are associated with numerous misperceptions, including those stemming from misrepresentation...
Introduction Technology in healthcare is defined as applying knowledge or skills in digital electronic tools to solve healthcare problems. In the healthcare community, technology has placed various potent tools on improving care, including the integration of electronic health records. In medicine, digital technologies help to transform unstable care systems into...
Obesity is a social health problem that needs communal intervention to solve. Healthy hospitals offer a viable alternative to addressing this challenge because of their vast outreach and influence within the community. A wellness program should focus on preventing obesity incidence and promoting healthy living among the people. My proposed...
Introduction Food plays an essential role in people’s lives; everyone needs it for existence. It provides humans with energy, nourishes their bodies, and it is vital for mental wellbeing. However, excessive consumption of food can also have detrimental effects on our health. By going through my food journal, I realized...
Introduction The quality of work of healthcare organizations depends not only on the specific professional qualities of employees but also on the culture of institutions and their effective management. For this reason, this presentation will study the main elements that shape the organizational culture of healthcare institutions and methods of...
The food industry is full of manipulative techniques aimed at wooing consumers, especially youngsters, to purchase various nutriment items. Annually, the sector spends colossal amounts of money on paid ads, which are designed to influence food purchasing preference (Vilaro et al., 2017). Explicitly, children remain easier targets than adults in...
Introduction The ONCC Radiation Therapy Certificate is significant in the healthcare industry since it provides participants with knowledge on how to treat various forms of cancer and what risks are associated with this process. The Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) (n.d.a) states that 80% or higher is a passing grade for...
It goes without saying that the pandemic caused by the spread of the coronavirus, its peculiarities, ways of prevention, and outcomes currently remain highly debatable, especially amid appearing statements related to new oncoming viruses. In the present day, COVID-19 may be regarded as a main international health problem. Initially identified...
Childhood obesity has become an evident problem in the United States. According to the Institute of Medicine, nearly one-third of all American children under 18 are overweight or obese. (as cited in Werner, 2017). This issue requires urgent addressing since obesity in childhood can cause diabetes or cardiovascular diseases in...
Introduction Worldwide developments in the areas of epidemiology, demographics, and socioeconomic changes, such as urbanization, globalization, and reductions in mortality and morbidity rates, have led to chronic disease prevalence, thus undermining the strategies put in place for health improvement. To address this challenge, access to preventive measures for the population...
Somalia’s healthcare system has been weakened by three decades of instability and civil war, the limited capacity of the state, and poverty-related deprivation. Indeed, out of the country’s 15 million people, it is estimated that close to 70% are living below the poverty line with 2.6 million have been internally...
Introduction Today, nursing qualities gain strong recognition in many academic facilities because millions of people around the globe choose this field for employment. Both developed and developing countries are interested in creating solid learning opportunities for students and attracting the attention of multiple stakeholders. The development of an evaluation process...
The classification of patients’ conditions is initially performed with the help of color-coded tags. This system includes four colors corresponding to one’s state: red, yellow, green, and black (“Disaster triage nursing (Color tagging & START method review),” 2020). They allow identifying the patients who are to be seen first and...
The theme of effective hand-washing techniques is more actual than ever, now, when Covid-19 remains a worldwide hazard. Thus, the presentation was met with great expectations and, in the end, left a good impression on the audience. The fact is that CAUTI remains the most common type of healthcare-associated infection...
Fluid and electrolyte balances influence many processes in the human organism. When these balances are disrupted, it influences and slows down many processes in the body. Fluid balance is the ratio between the amount of water that enters the body and the amount of fluid excreted from it over the...
Introduction Healthcare administrators are health managers in charge of health facility operations. Their duties include supervising staff, managing financial aspects, coordinating health and medical services, and developing workplace systems and procedures. My interest in healthcare administration is to provide medical treatment to individuals in correctional facilities. Incarcerated people face many...
In the United States, African Americans still meet some challenges related to care and treatment. Firstly, bias and racism may affect their health outcomes negatively. It is even possible to notice that whites have better chances of being treated for myocardial infarction than Afro-Americans, which is one of many instances...
Introduction As part of this assignment, I considered various options for continuing my nursing career, to determine the goals for my MSN course. The two specialties I selected are Nurse Executive (primary) and Family Nurse Practitioner (secondary). In this part, I compared the two prospective venues, provided justification for choosing...
Lisa Rae is a 78-year-old female who arrived in the ED with chief complaints of dizziness and a mechanical fall, plus pain in her right hip after the fall. Patient reports taking two tabs of hydrochlorothiazide. She was taking two tabs in the past, but her primary care provider recently...
My research topic is Hospital Errors and Infections, and their relation to the preventable death. Hospital-acquired infections and hospital errors are believed to be the main causes of the fatal outcomes during hospitalization and hospital treatment. They can lead to serious complications that prolong treatment and worsen patient’s health status....
Introduction The present paper is devoted to one of healthcare quality indicators: patient fall rates. It involves the analysis of the statistical data on the fall of patients in a Telemetry Unit that was recorded during four months. The purpose of this paper is to use the data to develop...
Introduction The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) has developed several patient safety primers to act as guides for healthcare practitioners on safety suggestions to put into practice in health care institutions at the federal, state, and local levels. One of the patient safety primers touches on medication errors,...
Research Analysis Chart Clinical Problem Because of the inability to determine the emotions of unconscious or sedated patients, the members of the ICU often fail to prevent painful experiences that patients are exposed to during a range of procedures, such as mechanical ventilation, airway suctioning, etc. (Stites, 2013). Therefore, there...
Introduction Early Childhood Caries (ECC) refers to an infectious and chronic oral disease that is prevalent in young children, and it is common among minority and poor populations. Some public health programs that have been implemented following increased cases of ECC include fluoride therapy, intensive patient counseling, modification of diets,...
Data acquisition for the study was performed with the help of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) (Martins-Júnior, Vieira-Andrade, Corrêa-Faria, Oliveira-Ferreira, Marques & Ramos-Jorge, 2013). Sociodemographic information was collected after the vaccination process. A team of examiners who received a prior training in the diagnosis of early childhood...
The issue of workplace burnouts among nurses, though not being new, sadly, remains topical (Yeun & Han, 2016). Caused by the mismanagement of the employees’ time and the lack of concern for their personal needs, workplace burnouts affect not only the staff but also the organization since the quality of...
Introduction The purpose of this clinical rotation is to communicate with, assess and educate an older adult client about a medical condition (type 2 diabetes). The assessment report covers functional and physiological changes that place the older adult at greater risk for decline in health and quality of life and...
Impact of Depression on Each Stage of the Life Cycle Infants between 1 and 12 months grow very fast. During this period, infants require constant attention from their parents. Mothers should breastfeed and take care of their children. Depression might occur when the emotional and physical needs of such infants...
Annotated bibliography Tickle, M., O’Neill, C., Donaldson, M., Birch, S., Noble, S., & Killough, S. et al. (2016). A randomized controlled trial to measure the effects and costs of a dental caries prevention regime for young children attending primary care dental services: the Northern Ireland Caries Prevention In Practice (NIC-...
Introduction The term “lean” has a meaning of “thin” bearing positive connotation. The thinness, in this case, is achieved by removing unnecessary complexity – in other words, “extra weight.” Similar principles can be observed in philosophies of artists and scholars throughout history and are best illustrated by the maxim usually...
Literature Review A literature review is necessary for almost any type of academic work. However, it is especially important for students who study health care or medicine in general, because these students need to analyze articles and books on a given topic successfully. The main aim of a literature review...
Raising awareness about dental issues, in general, and caries, in particular, among adults, is crucial for improving the quality of the dentistry-related services. According to a recent report by CDC, despite recent positive trends, the overall characteristic of the current situation as far as dental issues in adults are concerned...
Introduction The Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center has successfully rolled out two programs called the Taxi and Limousine Health Screening and Lincoln Art Exchange to reach out to the community. These programs, from a marketing perspective, are ideal in promoting the facility as that which cares for the community....
Although the oral cavity constitutes only one percent of the body area overall, about five percent of all injuries occur in it (Andersson, 2013). The most widespread disorders in this regard are dental caries and periodontal disease. They affect about 60 to 90 percent of school-age children and about 5...
Hildegard Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relationship was first described in her book Interpersonal Relations in Nursing: Offering a Conceptual Frame of Reference for Psychodynamic Nursing published in 1952 (D’Antonio, Beeber, Sills, & Naegle, 2014). She emphasized the commitment to nursing and argued that nurses have to know patients as well...
There are dozens of safety and disaster training that every healthcare worker must undergo. The most essential are induction training, such as workplace orientation, equipment training, fire safety training, etc. They provide the staff’s competence improvement and significantly reduce time spent on getting to know the new environment, which can...
The Physician Assistant Program (PA) is an upstanding course provided by the Colorado Mesa University (CMU) to enhance patient’s care through quality education provision (Master of Physician Assistant Studies, n.d). The course intends to model compassionate, collaborative and innovative physician assistants who are competent in this field. The mission of...
Excess weight is one of the most frequently discussed topics and challenges in modern times, appearing in different doses in virtually every location. According to the World Health Organization, an average of four million people die each year in this epidemic (2021). It is also noteworthy that if obesity was...
Within the last decades, obesity rates grow significantly among adults and adolescents. As a chronic condition, obesity can be characterized by excessive bodyweight, which a medical problem that correlates with many health problems. Considering that obesity is caused by a variety of social, cultural, and environmental factors, along with its...
Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a viral infection that affects the human body. The virus attacks the CD4 cells thus destroying them in the process. With the reduction of CD4 cells, the body develops deficiency as far as protection against infection is concerned. The victim is said to have...
The target audience Obesity refers to excess adipose tissue or body fat beyond a threshold considered normal or a reference value. It is the unhealthy excess body fat that increases the risk of medical illness and premature mortality (James and Linton, 2009, p.3-5). The main people who will be part...
Aggarwal, A., Aeran, H., & Rathee, M. (2019). Quality management in healthcare: The pivotal desideratum. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 9(2), 180–182. In this article, the authors argue that a Health Care Organization (HCO), is an intricate entity since its service outcomes are intangible and the fact that...
A Summary and Reading Application of Health Care Organizations Management Vainieri, M., Ferrè, F., Giacomelli, G., &Nuti, S. (2017). Explaining performance in health care: How and when top management competencies make the difference. Health Care Management Review, 44(4), 306-317. Web. This research article opens by recognizing the structuring of strategic...
Protection against Resistant Bacteria Bacteria cause many illnesses that are treated mainly using antibiotics. However, the continued use of antibiotics has rendered the drugs less effective since the bacteria have developed resistance. The bacteria also adapt to the drugs and change overtime to defeat the effectiveness of the drugs administered....
In recent years, the problem of overweight in children has become especially relevant. They do little physical activity and do not eat well. The need to find successful treatment programs for such children determined the creation of the article “Active Living: Development and quasi-experimental evaluation of a school-centered physical activity...
Article Summary The article by Rosen et al. is a reaction to the increased criticism of randomized controlled trials (RCT) from the scientific community outside of the medical field. The growth in criticism of this type of intervention was associated with the increased attention to contemporary health promotion in the...
Introduction The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) is defined as the most commonly accepted and used performance measurement and improvement tool in health care. In six domains of care, HEDIS aims to measure performance to estimate the opportunity of improvements that may influence the quality of health care...
Vitamins are special organic substances that are not a source of energy or building material for the body. Nevertheless, they are necessary for small and often minimal quantities for its normal functioning. Vitamins are involved in metabolism, and they are biological accelerators of chemical reactions in the cell that increase...
It is important to understand the overall effect of COVID-19 on healthcare systems and the role of nurses within these conditions. Healthcare systems are experiencing high levels of the overflow of patients who need medical aid due to the lack of effective vaccines. These measures are primarily provided by nursing...
During the major disasters and other emergency situations, the most vulnerable groups of the population are individuals with special medical needs. The target population involves patients, such as the ones on dialysis who possess special healthcare needs. One of the group is comprised of patients with end stage renal disease,...
Although the modern world is amid a pandemic, people should be aware of some long-term threats that have been endangering humanity in the past and still put humankind at risk. The news report by the World Health Organization (2017) claims that West Nile Virus (WNV) or Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, is...
Using a framework to plan and evaluate the results of a specific intervention supports the successful implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP). The ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation is a process model developed to guide change in nursing and clinical practice. This paper will dwell upon the five stages of...
Narcissistic disorder of personality is a personality disorder characterized by a belief in one’s own uniqueness, special position, superiority over other people; high opinion of own talents and achievements; preoccupation with fantasies about self-successes; expectation of an unconditionally good attitude and obedience from others; the search for admiration from others...
In modern world, information technologies are widely used in the different areas of human activity. The main purpose of such systems is to make the process of work easier, faster and high-quality. Recently, artificial neural networks have been increasingly used to solve practical problems. They have a number of advantages...
The nursing profession, including the study process, often concerns the questions or morality and implies approaching at times complex moral dilemmas. For this reason, it is imperative for a nurse to nurture personal integrity and accountability that can take the form of academic integrity or professional ethics. This essay discusses...
It is considered the most contagious infectious disease that impacts human life. Moreover, leprosy still threatens public health worldwide despite the reduction of infection incidences due to antimicrobial treatments. However, healing from the disease require early timely detection and drug administration (Franco-Paredes & Rodriguez-Morales, 2016). Otherwise, the patients affected would...
Introduction A policy is a form of plan, governing principle, or a course of action adopted by the government to improve life quality and to solve problems affecting the citizens. There are five steps in the policymaking process, which are agenda building, formulation and adoption, implementation, evaluation, and termination. A...
Introduction Childhood obesity is a serious healthcare condition that occurs in well-developed and developing nations around the globe. It is associated with the extended sedentary style of life and work, the availability of fast food and sugary drinks, and the lack of physical exercise throughout the lifespan. In the US,...
Educational Status The patient’s education and health are two interrelated notions; nevertheless, seemingly, they cannot be reduced to relationships of cause and effect. It is stated that persons with higher education, as in the case of E. G., live longer and lead healthier lifestyles than those without it (Zajacova &...
The introduction of programs to improve the life of communities is a vital part of social work. It requires significant preparation, and the step of needs assessment is crucial to understanding the potential and requirements for a program to be successful (Crumpton, 2020). The following research plan will consider the...
Summaries The issues of emotions and a higher level of cognition are in the focus of cognitive neuroscience since they present a set of neurobiological processes specific to human beings and constitute a significant part of their social life. Within the framework of discovering the relations between cognition and emotions,...
The article under analysis dwells upon the risks and preventive factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has been acknowledged that the majority of U.S. soldiers exposed to combat develop PTSD that can lead to considerable psychological, emotional, and social issues (Seligman et al., 2019). However, pre-trauma characteristics of soldiers...
Introduction Communication is one of the most pivotal competencies a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) should have in order to complete various projects effectively and advance nursing practice. DNPs collaborate with colleagues at different levels, implement studies, and disseminate information, which makes verbal, non-verbal, and written communication skills essential for...
Introduction This presentation is dedicated to a quality improvement project that targets catheter-associated urinary tract infections or CAUTIs. In particular, the presentation will summarize the key evidence that has been assembled so far over the past few weeks. Eight articles that contain information on the topics of CAUTIs, quality improvement,...
Introduction Based on Corey’s (2016) description of multicultural contexts, the sociocultural factors of an individual’s life have an impact on him or her. As a result, the needs and group therapy expectations of a Hispanic adolescent boy and African American older woman might differ. Two of the Micro training Associates’...
Introduction Homeless individuals have more health complications relative to the general population, showing significantly high rates of both acute and chronic clinical conditions. Homeless adults, for instance, report numerous cases of unmet health needs for several types of conditions. Some studies had shown that about one-fourth of homeless persons did...
Healthcare professionals and leaders need to regularly track the quality of performance and interpret statistical data from various resources to determine the areas requiring clinical practice transformations. Since its creation in 1994, the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) helps healthcare professionals and facilities to translate nurse-sensitive data into...
Introduction Hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) is a sizeable healthcare problem impacting hospitals in the United Arab Emirates as well as around the globe. It is estimated that the issue affects one in twenty hospitalized patients, accentuating the need to act (1). The problem is caused principally by a patient’s lack...
The significant impact on public health by natural disasters poses a difficult challenge for many government organizations that work towards public safety and security. The complexity of systems that provide said safety continues to grow exponentially every year, requiring more sophisticated ways to coordinate their synchronous functioning. Rose et al....
Research Topic Harm reduction is an approach based on liberal views and the assumption that substance users are free to choose using opioids, alcohol, or other drugs. This tactic was introduced in the 1980s, and many countries have developed various harm reduction incentives, although these efforts remain rather insufficient (Moreira...
Children may require off-label drug prescription depending on specialty concerns, level of care available, and patient characteristics. Pratico (2018) defines off-label drug prescription as “any usage of approved drugs outside the approved marketing authorization” (p. 200). The unlicensed use of off-label prescription often occurs in medical and surgical wards and...