Pharmacology studies how drugs interact with living organisms. It is a vital area of healthcare that helps to ensure the safe and effective use of medicines. To write a paper on pharmacology, you should have a good grasp of the subject matter. Fortunately, today, students have access to a wealth of physical and online resources.
Reading through medical articles and databases will help you produce an incredible essay on pharmacology. Another great way to learn more about the field is to read paper samples written by experts. These examples can provide valuable insights on how to structure your essay and which types of data, facts, or statistics to include. Using these resources, you can be sure that your paper on pharmacology will be impressive and well-informed.
The medicaments amoxicillin, ampicillin, and carbenicillin, in contrast to such typical drug groups as penicillin and mezlocillin, inhibit complete protein synthesis, which signifies the proliferation of cells. Therefore, the target groups of antimicrobial drugs are suitable for a wide range of patients. Nevertheless, the professionals, who develop hospital formularies, must...
Though the optimal selection of the medication for hospital formulary contributes to the maximal aligning of community interests to drugs’ use, it is critical to describe cautionary characteristics of the medicaments. In fact, despite the relative optimization of amoxicillin, ampicillin, and carbenicillin use, three-drug groups have contraindications, which must be...
The main objective of using hospital formularies in clinical conditions is providing complete satisfaction with the medication needs of a certain group of patients. In this study, we provide the criteria for selecting a specific drug group, which is represented in a hospital formulary. In fact, one can state that...
According to the people in America, they are industries that the government should regulate more compared to others. These industries are the pharmaceutical and oil industries. In the United States, the representation of the people who believe pharmaceutical industries are more regulated is 51 percent. The pharmaceutical company is experiencing...
Several prescription medications are cheaper in other countries than in the United States. The variations in costs may be considerable. Many Americans as well as citizens from some other countries like Canada question why drugs manufactured by companies in the U.S. are less expensive overseas. The reason is that some...
Abuse of substances has been approximated to be the actual cause of close to 120,000 deaths per year in the United States, while more 80% of them imputed to alcohol and about 20% imputed to other drug use. Alcohol and other drugs have become more likely the cause of unpremeditated...
Firstly, these are antianxiety agents commonly used for treating anxiety disorders and symptoms. The names of drugs belonging to this class are benzodiazepines such as alprazolam (Xanax), and other medications including buspirone (BuSpar) and paroxetine (Paxil). Antidepressant drugs are intended for treating the major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and bipolar...
Pharmacology is developing rapidly, and the persistent opinion that any strong antibiotic causes much harm to the body can no longer be considered consistent. Antibiotics of the new generation, among other vital advantages, show that they can work carefully about vital human systems and effectively against pathogenic bacteria. The abstract...
Introduction Many diseases are treated with specific medications, but the advantages and great results are not evident to some healthcare providers. This is a major shortcoming of evidence-based healthcare practice, and the information must be spread as soon as possible so that medics begin to treat their patients with useful...
Substance in the organism, whereas bioavailability is a subcategory of the former concept. It is based on the portion of the drug that reaches the final circulatory system. Both of them are highly dependent on the nature of the chemical. Distribution is the process of transferring the drug through the...
Geneticists and pharmacologists understand that drug response is a process that depends on various factors, including age, co-morbidities, diet, and genetics. These attributes will have significant influences on the nature or quality of medical care available to the targeted patients. The genomics of a given person will dictate the genes...
Background information Bisphenol-A is commonly used in dentistry, fissure sea lands, hospital instruments and tools, thermal papers, containers of beverages, and cans of food. The chemical has been found to harm the reproductive system of the human body (Rochester, 2019). Ways to contact BPA include inhaling, ingestion, and skin interaction...
Identification of the Issue and the Ethical Position The prescription of opiates by healthcare providers in the United States has recently become an issue. The painkiller abuse has led to around 500,000 emergency cases and hospital visits yearly (Bohnert et al., 2018). More than 10,000 Americans die annually due to...
Vitamins are special organic substances that are not a source of energy or building material for the body. Nevertheless, they are necessary for small and often minimal quantities for its normal functioning. Vitamins are involved in metabolism, and they are biological accelerators of chemical reactions in the cell that increase...
Introduction Buprenorphrine is replacing methadone in detoxification of opiate addiction. Buprenorphrine suppresses withdrawal symptoms in opiate addiction. This study was conducted on 200 opiate addiction patients at the Sunrise Detoxification Center. The effectiveness of buprenorphrine in reducing pulse, sweating, anxiety, tremor, and nausea among other withdrawal symptoms was evaluated. Background...
Abstract Status epilepticus (SE) is a serious neurological condition that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. Among the available benzodiazepines, nurses should choose the best drug to use for SE. The purpose of this paper is to assess the pharmacological treatment of SE using benzodiazepines and determine nursing implications. Introduction Status...
Introduction In the past decade, there have been important advances made in the treatment of various forms of cancer (Demo, Krik, & Aujay 2007). The discoveries made so far have led to increased survival rates for individuals affected with considerably risky forms of cancer. The introduction of drugs like thalidomide...
Abstract The use of NSAIDS has been in general medical practice for many years and its therapeutic effects documented for a long time. NSAIDs have been widely known for their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities. They have been used in many clinical situations with good outcomes. The local, as well...
Abstract The thesis study aims at demonstrating that a career community pharmacist can practice as an effective clinician in a prescribing role treating patients in a primary care setting. The introduction of advanced and enhanced community pharmacy services enhances the need for pharmacists to integrate into primary care medical services....
Sequential Activation Apoptosis, which is the controlled death of cells in an organism, is important in order to remove damaged and aged cells from the system. A group of cysteine aspartic acid-specific proteases (also referred to as caspases) is the one that regulates this death process. Caspases are activated within...
Introduction Osteoarthritis is a health condition that affects the joints and muscles around the knees. It is characterized by breakdown of joint cartilage over a period of time. In normal circumstances, cartilage allows bones to slide over one another, but patients with this condition experience pain around joints because there...
Origin and history of generic drugs Generic drugs have been around for decades. However, their regulation was necessitated by several controversial occurrences within the market. In 1937, there was an incident associated with Elixir Sulfanilamide. It caused the death of approximately one hundred and seven people and eventually prompted the...
The rapid development of science and technology and the organizational changes are some of the factors the challenge the survival and success of the pharmaceutical industries. The dynamics of this industry have been redefined through the combined forces of social, economic, political, and technological factors. Over the past many years,...
Abstract With an average annual growth rate of 11.1 percent from 1970 until 2006, the pharma market is one of the fastest-growing markets in the world, reaching more than US$400 billion in sales in 2003 (PhRMA, 2004). The industry is now going through a major consolidation stage where direct product...
Introduction Polypharmacy is a major problem that can affect anybody, but it is the most common to the elderly population. The concept of polypharmacy encloses the use of five or more medications at the same time (Fick et al., 2003), prescription of more medications than required, and prescription of medications...
The money spent on drug advertising is truly astounding and estimates are no longer in the billions but in the tens of billions, and increasing rapidly. According to a December 12, 2002, New York Times article, “Promotional spending in the United States by the 14 largest pharmaceutical companies increased at...
Introduction First, it was medical marijuana; next, it will be alcohol and so on and so forth. The problem the country faces with medical marijuana is similar to the one it faces when the issue of legalizing abortion nationwide or physician-assisted suicide came into view. Both of these areas are...
Introduction The pharmaceutical industry should be discussed in the context of its global expansion. The problem is that the global business world has altered significantly in recent decades, leading to positive and negatives outcomes for globally oriented industries (Gaudillière 2015). Buyer behaviour has changed significantly, resulting in the generation of...
Introduction An article Use of Repeated Intravenous Ketamine Therapy in Treatment-resistant Bipolar Depression with Suicidal Behavior: a Case Report from Spain describes the efficacy of ketamine as a treatment for bipolar depression with signs of suicide (López-Díaz, et al., 2017). Main effects of ketamine The authors point out that “ketamine...
Qualitative Methodology and Design In their study, Walker, Farzan, Gaydos, DeCastro, and Jonassaint (2016) discussed the perceptions of Hydroxyurea among patients suffering from the sickle-cell disease (SCD). Since the authors of the study focused primarily on the qualitative aspects of the issue, the qualitative research method was preferred. Particularly, an...
The concept of dose-response is widely used in many biological disciplines and, in particular, in toxicology. According to Calabrese (2016), this dependency reflects the relationship between a specific dose of a particular substance and the number of those affected. In toxicology, this concept is utilized to identify the tendency to...
The term mental illness is used to describe a particular model or behavioral disorder characterized by unusual actions and motifs (Hart & Ksir, 2014). A patient suffering from mental disorders demonstrates a set of symptoms that deteriorate the quality of his/her life significantly. For this reason, there is a great...
HU Effects on Progression of SCD Symptoms Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with specific chronic and acute patient complications, including organ and tissue damage and severe episode of sickle cell crisis (SCC), which increase the risk for premature mortality. However, research evidence suggests that HU may change the prognosis...
Alprazolam General Description Alprazolam is an anxiolytic agent, a triazolobenzodiazepine derivative that has sedative, anticonvulsant, and central muscle relaxant effect. The drug is marked by the anxiolytic activity that is expressed in the reduction of emotional stress, anxiety, and panic attacks, which is combined with a moderately pronounced hypnotic effect...
Market structure According to the US government report of 2007, the market structure for both the prescription drugs (brand-name drugs) and generic drugs are changing significantly. It notes that for the last four decades there, is a small increase, in demand, for prescription drugs due to the increasing use of...
Even though following the prescriptions of doctors and strict adherence to the course of treatment are mandatory conditions for the recovery process, excessive attachment to certain drugs may become a problem. In particular, prescription drug abuse is the issue that is relevant today and should be discussed at the state...
History of the Industry The pharmaceutical industry is a relatively new industry, the origins of which can be traced to the mid-19th century. Until that time, there was no mass production of drugs; apothecaries relied mainly on natural remedies, which were ineffective in solving the most prevalent health issues of...