Introduction Insomnia is not a disease or a diagnosis; it is just a symptom. This is a condition whereby one finds it difficult to fall asleep or gets inadequate sleep. We cannot define insomnia in terms of the number of hours that one sleeps because all of us are different...
The nursing profession is often associated with a variety of virtues. Nurses are taught to cultivate and hold on to values that guide their practice. These values help them attend to people’s health needs and maintain a high quality of healthcare. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing ([AACN], 2006)...
While working towards a doctoral degree, nurses often have to simultaneously manage their work, education, and personal lives. Doctorate needs a significant amount of time and effort as it contains much practical and theoretical information and the development of many professional skills (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2006). Although...
Introduction Overview This part covers the study background, research questions, academic and practical relevance, previous studies, methodology, sources of data and information, and limitation of the study. Study background Currently, cancer is the cause of nearly 12 percent of deaths across the globe translating to over 9 million people per...
Problem Statement In the intensive therapy, there can be multiple factors that influence the overall health condition of patients. One of the problems that draw the attention of medical specialists is that patients in the intensive care unit may suffer from various symptoms and their negative effects at the time...
Nursing profession is now regarded as a complex occupation that encompasses health care, public health advocacy, medical competence, and ethical consideration in terms of cooperation with patients. However, the occupation itself had to undergo various changes to be in the place it is today. Hence, the primary purpose of the...
Introduction The idea of EBP was introduced a few decades ago to promote the use of empirical research in healthcare professions. Being a systematic approach to solving clinical problems, EBP is understood as a promising improvement for nursing practice, but its full-fledged implementation still raises concerns. This paper is aimed...
Like any other sphere of society, public health has many problems, including nursing or medical practice ones. In this case, the method of interaction with the patient is of particular importance. According to Lira and Rocha (2019), PICOT is a way of posing a question for a case, helping to...
Introduction The following dissertation focuses on the issue of technology in healthcare management and career prospects in the area of technology. Technology is an imperative area in health management and its integration in the field of health has been an advantage. This essay will explore my career path plan, which...
Introduction Introduction and Background of the Problem The twenty first century has seen tremendous improvements in medical science and health care in the society. This has been marked by discovery of new drugs and improvement of existing ones, together with adoption of new medical practices to care for patients. This...
Introduction Globally, chronic kidney disease has become a health burden and Saudi Arabia is not an exception. Scientist Ayman Karkar cites uncontrolled blood pressure, sugar levels and lipids among others as factors, which hasten the development of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (2011, pp. 419). In addition, kidney failure may...
Introduction This reaction paper essentially focuses on giving a succinct analytical reaction to the book Notes on Nursing by Florence Nightingale which was first published in England in 1859 and 1860, in America. In this book, Florence describes nursing in a rather different way from the way people view it...
Introduction Nursing leadership is essential for any medical organization that seeks to provide consistent and high-quality care to its patients. It focuses the efforts of the nursing professionals on the standards that need to be followed. Issues may occur, however, and they have to be addressed. This paper will examine...
Nursing is a profession that faces significant changes, mainly because of technological advancement gradient. According to researchers, the nursing education curriculum’s design demands incorporating a dynamic perspective that appreciates the contribution of technology advancement (Delaune et al., 2019). In this case, it is essential to determine technological advancements that render...
Introduction Avian flu attacks happen intermittently throughout the globe. Avian flu is a communicable disease that is commonly associated with birds, though it frequently develops other strains that human beings are not immune to (Capua et al., 2002). This ailment has been very cumbersome to the poultry business because every...
Introduction Evidence from various medical research studies indicates that there are a number of barriers which inhibit the African American population from gaining access to medical care. Some of these barriers include lack of health insurance coverage and the lack of knowledge and awareness about health issues. The lack of...
Introduction The current direct practice improvement (DPI) project is to reduce the prevalence of pressure injuries among patients of 75 years old and higher in a medical unit. There is no doubt that the desired outcome can be achieved if it is possible to change patient care delivery standards. It...
Introduction Nurses are often required to make ethical decisions in their practice, as they work with the delicate sphere of patient wellbeing. However, most experiences with ethics that nurses encounter are connected to their immediate practice setting and individual patients. Once nurses enter the field of research, the ethical challenges...
Ethical issues have been of great interest in telehealth delivered care, especially with the internet; there are increased chances of accessing provided information. Therefore, the matter of ethical issues that are of interest to nurses in telehealth needs to be researched. Potential ethical issues are associated with many new nurses...
Purpose and Key Objectives in Surgical Practices Surgical practice is a type of nursing activity where a healthcare provider performs surgery on patients to address their needs. The main objective and purpose of a surgical procedure are to provide a high standard of medical care to address patients’ needs. In...
Patient History The patient history offers specific information on the client’s current situation. It is evident that the 21-year old female has been feeling weak and unwell for the past several weeks. In addition, she smokes an average of two packs of cigarettes a day, has a single meal a...
Introduction Children in society are considered to be a welcomed asset. This is because of their degree of innocence which they normally show. However, it is not always the case that children are admired by everyone. At times, children are born during circumstances where the best thing for them is...
An advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) is an experienced and highly educated Registered Nurse who manages the patient’s complete clinical care. According to the Missouri Division of Professional Registration. (2019), it is a competent person who has the freedom and power to act and take responsibility for these actions. This practice...
Introduction Stress has become an integral element of modern life, and it is impossible to avoid it. Stress has permeated all areas of human activity, affecting people in a variety of ways. It is present in the workplace environment, in general, in everyday interaction, and even at home. Stress entails...
Introduction In their careers, nurses have to face certain professional issues associated with the field. One of the problems that medical workers might witness is incivility occurring in hospitals or clinics. Such behavior can be caused by patients due to stress, but sometimes incivility can happen in nurse-to-nurse communications. Incivility...
Professionalism and Social Media The American Nurses Association has developed the Code of Ethics, which defines professional responsibility, confidentiality, and compliance with patient rights protection. Social media holds a particular position as it directly affects interaction with patients, medical staff, and other team members to achieve a high treatment level....
Introduction Nurse staffing is one of the most burning issues in the system of healthcare. When taking a closer look at the problem, it is clear that there are several major factors associated with nurse staffing. There is a lack of nursing professionals and nurses are overloaded with tasks. Clearly,...
Introduction The research problem addressed by research conducted by Falk and Wallin (2016) concerns the relationship between nurse/patient ratio and quality of care in intensive care units. The relevance of the topic to the nursing practice is validated by the importance of raising awareness about nursing understaffing, especially in intensive...
Introduction The main purpose of the quality improvement initiative at the workplace enshrines assessing the strategies that contribute to eradicating bullying in nursing practice. The unethical method of oppression highly affects the confidence of the new nurses in a hospital institution. I had the first-hand experience when I got transitioned...
Introduction The focus of this literature review is to evaluate effective methods that increase healthcare workers’ compliance to IC protocols. The writer will resolve the question: what is the most efficient approach to increase health care workers’ compliance with infection control protocols? This review is divided into three sections. In...
Including the members of the medical personnel in the decision-making process and healthcare transformation is essential since it allows them to participate in medical organization improvement and be aware of the new initiatives. In terms of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), it is also necessary to engage nurses in...
Aspiring to be an Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) is a dream goal for any student nurse in achieving academic excellence and quality nursing practice. Achieving and maintaining a top-notch level by being driven by passion, the ability to make personal decisions, and demonstrating great ambition for career development is a...
President Obama signed the healthcare reforms bill into public law in March 2010 (Hertel, 2011, Nursing World, 2012). Following this development, a lot of changes are expected in nursing practice as this law comes into operation. Among other changes, nurses will have to further their education so that they can...
Introduction Recreational water activities are beneficial for the health and well-being of individuals of different age groups. Swimming is known for its positive influence on muscle strength, cardiovascular health, and maintaining a normal BMI. This activity also helps to relieve stress, which is of particular importance for older adults. Given...
Abstract This paper presents an overview of different nursing conceptual models. The study examines Nola Pender’s health promotion model as one of the scientific strategies to address nursing challenges. The research suggests that the design is efficient in its effort to identify the health risk factors of a patient. The...
Patient Information Patient’s Initial: Date of Care: Age: 47 Wt: 59kg Ht: 61in Admission Date: Gender: F Unit/Room: Allergies: NKDA Code Status: F/C Ethnicity: Hispanic Isolation status, if applicable: N/A Chief Complaint The patient has excessive per vaginal blood loss depicted by the blood clots expelled through the vagina, possibly...
Introduction Management is the effective coordination of the resources of an organization towards the achievements of the goals and objectives of the respective company or organization. There are several organizations in the global industry but competing for limited resources. This requires an effective management team. Although management is important in...
The principles of scholarly discussion in an online environment amount to the importance of being brief, specific, contributing to the point, follow the scholarly writing style and cite sources to credit other authors’ efforts (Cole and Watson 115). All these aspects refer to the only main principle in online scholarly...
It was important to return to using the word “patient” while meaning recipients of care and medical services in contrast to using the word “client.” One should state that it is possible to agree with the change observed in the wording used in the ANA Code of Ethics. The reason...
In 2018, Virginia passed a bill which expanded the scope of practice for APRNs. The House Bill 793 established a transitional licensing model where APRNs with at least 5 years (or 9000 hours) of work equivalence in their area of certification and practice can apply for an autonomous practice license....
Introduction For a nurse, it is of crucial importance to possess critical thinking and decision-making skills. These skills need to be developed throughout the nurse’s education and practiced in the clinical setting to become a habit. In this paper, we will analyze the importance of both critical thinking and decision-making...
Introduction In the past decade, there have been important advances made in the treatment of various forms of cancer (Demo, Krik, & Aujay 2007). The discoveries made so far have led to increased survival rates for individuals affected with considerably risky forms of cancer. The introduction of drugs like thalidomide...
The article written by Carol Huston (1) presents essential leadership competencies for nurses. One of the points listed in the research is the importance of a universal view of healthcare and nursing (1). Additionally, the article mentions appropriate technical skills, excellent decision-making abilities, and the capacity to shape organizational practices...
The suggested evidence-based intervention will help to curb the levels of stress in nurses by offering them relaxation techniques that will lead to a drop in tension and work pressure. Previous studies have declared that mindful meditation has an ameliorating effect on the levels of depression, stress, and workplace burnout...
Evidence-based information and strategies integrated into nursing practice help to facilitate changes because of their robust decision-making approach. In this course, ways to deliver healthcare with the best clinical experiences data available were studied, and then used in the nursing activities. Moreover, the skills to use the evidence-based information within...
Introduction Practice development refers to a facilitated procedure in healthcare that aims to develop evidence-based and person-centered healthcare. It pursues to include individuals from every organization level to develop a positive impact on healthcare services. The procedure involves inclusive, collaborative, and participatory methods. However, the process does not involve several...
Introduction Endoscopic surgery is the buzzword among patients who have to undergo surgery these days. Such surgical procedures are also referred to as minimally invasive surgery or keyhole surgeries. “While the term is pretty vague, ‘minimally invasive’ – or endoscopic or ‘keyhole’ surgery – generally means operations that are less...
Discrimination and bias are problems faced by people in many professions. At the same time, although bias and prejudice are prohibited by law, in medicine and nursing, it has exceptions, since in most cases patients have the right to ask about replacing their doctor or nurse. Consequently, the problem of...
Clark, J. L., Phoenix, S., Bilbrey, A. C., McManis, T., Escal, K. A., Arulanantham, R., Sisay, T., & Ghatak, R. (2018). Cultural competency in dementia care: An African American case study. Clin Gerontol, 41(3), 255–260. Web. The article by Clark et al. investigates the impact of cultural competency in dementia...
Background information Many misconceptions surround the nursing career. The myths surrounding nursing profession are so great that they dissuade people from pursuing this career. However, unlike what many people believe, nursing is the noblest career in the face of the world, without which many lives would be put to stake....
Introduction Leadership in nursing is concerned with influencing people to achieve a purpose or to reach set organizational goals. A lot of confusion arises in the delivery of leadership roles and management in organizations. The major twist is that leaders can double up as managers for an organization. However, not...
Introduction Confidentiality is paramount to safeguarding trust between medical practitioners and their patients. Nurses frequently deal with intricate scenarios that require the protection of health data. Since patient safety is grounded in legal and moral imperatives, nurses must consider ethical dilemmas that may arise in the course of duty2. In...
Leadership skills should be considered among the crucial elements of any joint human activities. For me – as a nurse that aims to become a proficient nurse-manager – these skills are vital. There have been plenty of cases when I had to do my best as a leader in the...
Abstract The use of NSAIDS has been in general medical practice for many years and its therapeutic effects documented for a long time. NSAIDs have been widely known for their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities. They have been used in many clinical situations with good outcomes. The local, as well...
Each Nurse Practice Act (NPA) presents the provision for the creation of a State Board of Nursing (BON). As was mentioned, this body is granted the right to produce regulatory rules that interpret the NPA requirements and provide more precise directions on nurse practitioners’ scope-of-practice (Salako, 2019). However, the regulations...
This response will discuss how advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) can distinguish their roles from other nursing roles and medical counterparts. The APRN role includes several roles, such as “clinical nurse specialists (CNSs), NPs, certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and certified RN anesthetists (CRNAs)” (Ko, Burson & Mianecki, 2019, p. 26)....
Medical Diagnosis:Intrauterine drug exposure, methadone withdrawal (3-week-old newborn male suffering from Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome) Pathophysiology:Opioid withdrawal is a complex bio-medical issue that affects the fetus on a cellular and molecular level. Opiate drugs, such as methadone, have an easy access into the fetus through the placenta, as they have low...
Commonly used nursing interventions in a prison facility Seeing that the people located in the prison facilities are entitled to the same healthcare and nursing services as the rest of the U.S. citizens (American Civil Liberties Union, 2016), correctional nursing interventions are very similar to the ones listed in the...
Bookbinder, M., Glajchen, M., McHugh, M., Higgins, P., Budis, J., & Solomon, N.,… Portenoy, R. (2011). Nurse Practitioner-Based Models of Specialist Palliative Care at Home: Sustainability and Evaluation of Feasibility. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 41(1), 25-34. The article is aimed at defining the feasibility and effectiveness of two...
The principles of nursing practice are closely associated with the roles and tasks which should be performed by nurses according to the scope of their practice. In 2013, the International Council of Nurses presented the revised variant of the position statement on the issue of the scope related to the...
Evidence-based Clinical Guidelines: Discussion A deep head-and-neck polymicrobial infection is typically defined as a peritonsillar abscess (Afolabi et al., 2014) (see Fig. 1). As a rule, young adults are affected most by the disease (Gal, Hsu, Mallon, Mattioni, & Nagorsky, 2014). A peritonsillar abscess manifests itself in the following symptoms:...
Introduction A nurse’s mission is to serve patients and address their needs, providing holistic and high-quality care. This purpose of a nurse’s work, knowledge, and experience usually form the development of a specific personal philosophy of nursing. However, it is also important to note that a nursing philosophy is not...
Introduction According to Public Health England (2016), childhood obesity is one of the most compelling public health issues of the 21st century, both globally and locally. In the last decades, the rate of childhood obesity in the UK has been increasing drastically, and it is expected to continue rising in...
Each nurse develops a personal philosophy of nursing concerning an individual understanding of a relationship between the domains of the nursing metaparadigm. These domains include the person, health, nursing, as well as environment (McEwen & Wills, 2019). Nurses formulate their philosophy after deciding how these specific concepts influence their views...
The extent to which a patient cooperates in a nurse-patient relationship is significant because it determines the success which in this case refers to the recovery of the patient from his or her illness. The case under consideration presents one of those difficult patients whose input in the relationship is...
Abstract Prostate cancer is among the primary causes of death among American men. It occurs due to the abnormal growth of prostate cells leading to the enlargement of the prostate gland. Various treatment methods are available to treat prostate cancer including surgery, cryosurgery, hormone replacement therapy, chemotherapy and watchful surveillance....
Introduction There is no doubt that modern medicine has made tremendous progress in the treatment of many previously incurable diseases, including conditions that only two or three decades ago led to mass deaths of diagnosed patients. Such advances indeed appear to be a significant milestone in human history, but it...
By its very nature, nursing implies caring for others and aspiring to the greater good of patients and the community. These functions require a nurse to apply a humane and ethical approach. According to the definition by the American Humanist Association (n.d.), humanism is motivated by compassion and “supports the...
Introduction: History of Presenting Illness Mrs. X is an 88-year-old female patient who was brought to the emergency department of the hospital on the 8th of February, 2016, with a few days’ histories of generalized weakness, suprapubic pain, and urinary frequency. She also complained of worsening of her chronic leg...
Introduction Nursing science plays a significant role in the healthcare industry. It is so because this branch aims at improving medical professionals’ performance and patients’ outcomes through the development of theoretical and practical concepts. It denotes that this science determines how health services are delivered. Thus, it is no surprise...
Spirituality is one of the important issues contributing to healthcare ethics and the overall quality of services provided for patients. It is even more relevant for the specifications of end-of-life care or treatment in intensive care units for clients suffering from severe illnesses. It is important to apply spirituality in...
Executive summary Sexual orientation is a question that several people around the globe have had a challenge accepting and embracing. Health care provision is a priority in the United Kingdom. Individuals are expected to access quality health care irrespective of their sexual orientation. Gays and lesbians are discriminated against in...
Introduction My current job profile requires me to offer my services in the surgical/orthopedic ward. During my current job, I have come across several instances where the lack of pain assessment results in the suffering of the patients having pain. This persistent problem prompted me to choose a research topic...
The profession of nursing has evolved over time along with social, political, technological, and other environmental factors to which healthcare practice had to adapt. In addition, public perception of nurses is not as it was in antiquity or even half a century ago. Though the importance of caretakers’ role was...
When playing the simulation as Jan Klein, RN, it is important to address research-related ethical issues from a nurse’s perspective. She performs a role of a clinical research coordinator and cooperates with a principal investigator (“The research clinic,” n.d.). It is possible to learn certain aspects associated with realizing ethical...
Quality of Service Provision in Gastronomy: Standards and Policies The catering industry and the restaurant industry are on the verge of tremendous transformations, associated primarily with the advent of new food production technologies and innovative solutions in the design of technological equipment. Speaking about the quality of service provision today,...
In the modern world, the role of nursing continues to evolve in the field of healthcare. Before nurses’ education started to change, their position in healthcare organizations did not have the same weight that it does now. Nurses, especially those with a Master’s and Doctor’s degree, advocate for themselves and...
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a specific treatment strategy that demonstrates effectiveness in patients with depression and related mood disorders, such as personality, eating, and anxiety issues. In the given chapter, Barlow (2014) focuses on the original protocol of IPT that includes three sections and 12-16 therapy...
Abstract The presented project was devoted to capnography during resuscitation of patients in coronary care unit in frames of nursing practice and training. A randomized study conducted in coronary care unit in one of the American hospitals showed high potential of capnography as a tool for monitoring CO2 level while...
Continuing education to achieve personal and professional development is not only critical to safe and effective nursing care but also acts to fulfill the professional and legal responsibility of nurses to update their knowledge (Ewin, Rowles, & Watkins, 2012; Kumar, 2007; Witt, 2011). This paper demonstrates how professional values, service,...
Introduction By definition, a disaster is a sudden catastrophic event, which results in extensive disruption, damage and general distress. Emergency management of disasters is the creation of emergency routines for communities to follow, which can increase the preparedness against hazards, or help deal with disasters. Coping with emergencies is a...
The harmonious development of children associated with a variety of factors, of which nutrition plays a key role in this process. The normal physical and mental development of a child depends on the quality and quantity of food intake. Food provides the children’s body with the necessary energy, which is...
One of the issues increasingly discussed in relation to the healthcare workforce is burnout syndrome. The job of a medical professional is associated with several persisting stress-inducing factors and situations. They include time constraints, proficiency demands and competition, high rates of responsibility, and a lack of overall work-life balance. Healthcare...
Introduction to the Project Pressure injuries or hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) are a significant issue in the healthcare industry. It is so because they “affect over 2.5 million individuals resulting in 60,000 deaths” in the United States every year (Padula et al., 2019, p. 132). These health problems occur when...
Introduction Nursing has been recognized as a profession almost for two hundred years now, a period over which essential rules and values of the work have been determined. This allows new nurses to rely on a solid foundation of experience built by the previous generations to deliver services of exceptional...
Introduction Asthma is a severe condition characterized by obstruction in the lungs’ airways. It is defined as a life-threatening chronic condition when airway inflammation and narrowing provoke wheeze, cough, and shortness of breath (Larsson et al., 2020). The burden of asthma is unequal between populations, and African Americans show high...
Introduction Since the 1980s, multiple interventions have been developed to treat the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) (Vanyo, Sorge, Chen, & Lakoff, 2017). Some of the most common ones include crisis interventions and critical incident stress management (CISM) (Hararay, 2012). Generically, these interventions are referred...
Reflection on Student Assessment in Healthcare: Summative and Formative Types There is no secret that learning in any environment implies the following assessment of the student’s capability to operate on the information retrieved and use the skills acquired. The significance of knowledge and skills evaluation is especially high in the...
Healthcare and nursing informatics are constantly growing within the medical field, which regularly incorporates new technologies. Nursing informatics is defined by McGonigle and Mastrian (2017) as “a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice” (p....
Abstract The promotion of sports-related health activities at educational facilities represents the area of concern for the healthcare sector as it can significantly reduce the occurrence of health complications and promote positive health and lifestyle choices among students. Because of this, it was chosen to focus on exploring the integration...
Introduction The provision of palliative care to patients with terminal illnesses such as cancer has proved to be difficult to due excessive medicalization and the fear of death. According to Masman, Van Dijk, Tibboel, Baar, and Mathot (2015), morphine, haloperidol, and midazolam are common palliative drugs, which are administered at...
Personal Objectives The purpose of this clinical practice was to explore the major aspects associated with Interprofessional Collaborative Practice. The targeted objectives during the clinical practicum are presented below. To take care of my patients in a timely manner. To document every assessment and give medication at the right time....
Introduction It goes without saying that leadership is regarded as an absolutely necessary skill in nursing practice as it enables professionals to influence the medical staff and provide high-quality health care focused on the patients’ needs. However, in-hospital environments, the practice of leadership is negatively affected by working overload, a...
Many changes are taking place in Ireland’s health care setting, including an increase in people with chronic and comorbid disorders. In addition, life expectancy has increased, leading to an influx of the elderly population who are dependent due to age-related disabilities. In 2015, Ireland had a bed occupancy rate of...
Critically ill adult patients admitted in intensive care units (ICU) require assistance in the form of mechanical ventilation to meet the body’s oxygen demand. However, the discontinuity involved in mechanical ventilation, the process known as weaning often contributes to clinical complications leading to mortality in patients who are weak in...
Health problems challenge human lives in a variety of ways. It is necessary to address for help, be diagnosed, and follow a treatment plan. When a person has to deal with several diseases at the same time, the situation gets worse, especially if a patient is a child. In this...
Abstract Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among hospital-acquired infections, which makes their reduction in many healthcare settings a priority. Among other environments, nursing homes may experience significant rates of CAUTIs. A 100-bed unit was involved in a quality improvement project which was designed to reduce the relatively high CAUTI...
Introduction The process of adapting to new work duties and responsibilities, as well as to a new team of colleagues, can be rather challenging. Furthermore, the process of applying the theoretical nursing knowledge gained in educational institutions to nursing practice can also be associated with certain barriers and problems. Natalie,...
Study Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate an effective intervention that would facilitate successful implementation of Evidence Based Practice (EPB) in the Singapore’s clinical settings (Majid et al. 2011). In this article, the purpose of the study broadens and clarifies the aim of the study, as it...
Executive Summary This paper compares and contrasts the roles and educational requirements of nurse practitioners and nurse anaesthetists. Compared to nurse practitioners, this paper shows that nurse anaesthetists draw from an older and richer history of the practice. The nursing practice is therefore a more recent discipline. This paper also...
The PICOT question that this body of literature was selected to support is as follows: “In Medical inpatient units, how does turning and repositioning every two hours compared to every four hours prevent the occurrence of pressure injuries during the hospital stay?” There needs to be an in-depth analysis of...
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility. The prevention and control of pathogens that cause these infections remain an unresolved practice problem for the majority of US hospitals. Being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, HAIs are associated with significant complications for patients....